{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T21:13:22Z","timestamp":1793308402558,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uniform descriptions of normal preterm infant bowel habits are lacking, causing ambiguity in identifying abnormal bowel habits in this population. This study examines preterm infants' bowel habits and their association with maternal and infant factors in the first 2 weeks of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An observational study included infants with a gestational age (GA)\u2009&lt;\u200931 weeks from January to September 2021. From infant and maternal medical records, information on prenatal events, 2 weeks of bowel habit observations, enteral feeding, and laxative treatment was obtained. Extremely preterm infants (EPI) and very preterm infants (VPIs) were defined as GA\u2009&lt;\u200928 weeks and GA\u2009\u2265\u200928 weeks, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 93 infants, 53 (57%) were included, and 37 (70%) were EPI. EPI received first enteral feeds at a median of 5\u2009h after birth versus 2\u2009h after birth in VPI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). EPI passed their first meconium at a median of 30\u2009h (interquartile range [IQR] 12\u201349\u2009h) after birth versus 26\u2009h in VPI (IQR: 10\u201340,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.2). In 21% of all infants, saline enemas were used to induce the passage of meconium. In 41% of EPIs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915) laxatives were initiated before 2 weeks of age. Stool frequency varied from 0 to 9 stools daily, and prenatal events did not affect bowel habits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a day\u2010by\u2010day description of bowel habits, enteral feeds, and laxative treatment but shows no associations with prenatal events in preterm infants. For future research, we recommend implementing homogeneous observation tools to enable comparison between studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T11:12:02Z","timestamp":1755861122000},"page":"1151-1159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bowel habits in preterm infants: Observations from the first 2 weeks of life"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Ulrikke Lyng","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2023-298X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne Soendergaard","family":"Kappel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan Jasper Nader","family":"Koppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children\u2032s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc Alexander","family":"Benninga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children\u2032s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0965-429X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise","family":"Aunsholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61577-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60136-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426507022002159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80302-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181d7c809"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-018-0264-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7410-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000487102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2021-0053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1218584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.10.1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0669-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.138024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.68.3_Spec_No.317"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"545","article-title":"Induction of meconium evacuation and stooling habit development in premature infants: role of gestational age","volume":"62","author":"Zanardo V","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31802c685a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.159442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-053413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000949"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2016.19.3.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"Sundheds\u2014og \u00e6ldreministeriet. 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