{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:43:04Z","timestamp":1776400984005,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The clinical management of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incurs a substantial economic burden. No recent data are available for costs within New Zealand, thereby hindering appropriate allocation of resources. The aim of this study was to assess direct health\u2010care costs for children with IBD in the South Island of New Zealand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included children with IBD managed at Christchurch Hospital (2018\u20132021), with a minimum 12\u2010month follow\u2010up. All IBD\u2010related clinical events were assigned unit costs in New Zealand Dollars (NZD) as well as an equivalent in United States dollars (USD) and Euro (\u20ac). Per\u2010patient costs were estimated using follow\u2010up duration. Nonparametric analysis examined associations with independent variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy\u2010five children were included: mean age 12.4 years (standard deviation 3.1), 34 (45%) female, 63 (84%) with Crohn's disease (CD). Overall, there were \u2248150 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up incurring total costs of $3,107,073 ($1,864,857 USD, \u20ac1,598,042). The median annual cost per child was $13,674 (interquartile range $7220\u2013$27,714), ($8209 USD, \u20ac7034). Biologic drugs and related costs contributed most to expenditure (64%). There was no difference in annual costs between those with CD (median $14,360 [8621 USD, \u20ac7388]) and ulcerative colitis\/IBD\u2010unclassified (median $13,194 [$7920 USD, \u20ac6788]) or for any cost category (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Annual costs were higher for those receiving biologics (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but being on biologics did not influence other cost categories. Higher outpatient and investigation costs were associated with shorter time since diagnosis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was wide variation in annual per\u2010patient costs for IBD management in this group with a consistent cost driver being biologic associated expenditure. This data contributes to the wider evidence base that drug costs are the primary driver of hospital care expenditure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T09:51:26Z","timestamp":1761126686000},"page":"74-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of direct costs attributed to the clinical management of children with inflammatory bowel disease in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9402-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angharad","family":"Vernon\u2010Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago Christchurch Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0603-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris M.","family":"Frampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago Christchurch Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2290-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago Christchurch Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i25.2741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.12.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2023.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000503"},{"issue":"1349","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"The cost of paediatric and perianal Crohn's disease in canterbury, New Zealand","volume":"125","author":"Lion M","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000880"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"PHARMAC Te P\u0101taka Whairanga. Accessed October 24 2024.https:\/\/pharmac.govt.nz\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"PHARMAC Te P\u0101taka Whairanga. Hospital Medicines List Infliximab. Accessed October 24 2024.https:\/\/schedule.pharmac.govt.nz\/HMLOnline.php?edition=&osq=Remicade"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"PHARMAC Te P\u0101taka Whairanga. Hospital Medicines List \u2010 Adalimumab. Accessed March 13 2025.https:\/\/schedule.pharmac.govt.nz\/HMLOnline.php?edition=&osq=adalimumab"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Te Whatu Ora \u2013 Health New Zealand Waitaha Canterbury. Canterbury Health Laboratories. Accessed May 21 2025.https:\/\/www.chl.co.nz\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16202"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142481","article-title":"Evolution of costs of inflammatory bowel disease over two years of follow\u2010up","volume":"11","author":"Valk ME","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102529"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281f4f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-014-0471-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002801"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2018-000236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-317765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jspn.12362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12328"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"635","article-title":"Health care cost for children newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"26","author":"Fondell AW","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30317-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-333280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.18000"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpn3.70228","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jpn3.70228","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpn3.70228","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T03:51:43Z","timestamp":1776397903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpn3.70228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpn3.70228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpn3.70228","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-2116","1536-4801"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4801","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]}}}