{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:44:18Z","timestamp":1776401058980,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bioelectric devices such as gastric electrical stimulation (GES) are used to treat severe upper gastrointestinal motility disorders in both younger and older patients. We compared clinical, physiologic, quality of life, and full\u2010thickness gastric biopsy results between younger and older patients undergoing GES.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 245 patients (45 males, 200 females; median age 42 [range 2\u201380 years] 47.6% with delayed solid gastric emptying and 52.4% nondelayed). All patients underwent temporary GES trials, followed by full\u2010thickness gastric biopsies and physiologic assessments during permanent GES placement. Histologic evaluation used standardized cellular markers. Validated patient\u2010reported outcomes were assessed at baseline and 1 year, with a 1\u2010point improvement as clinical success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Younger patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200937; 9 males, 28 females; median age 17 [range 2\u201325 years]); reported less severe anorexia (3.0 vs. 3.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) and bloating (2.0 vs. 3.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) at baseline, while nausea and vomiting severity were similar to 208 older adults. Biopsy analysis showed fewer CD3+ and CD8+ cells in younger patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and fibrosis was more common in older adults (41.2% vs. 16.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Younger patients with gastroparesis (Gp) syndromes have full\u2010thickness gastric biopsy abnormalities and clinical measures that are similar, but not identical to older patients. These findings indicate the need for broader use of tissue analysis and other clinical measures in severely symptomatic patients with Gp symptoms undergoing the bio\u2010electric therapy of gastric electrical stimulation to optimize perioperative counseling and postoperative symptom management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T11:03:52Z","timestamp":1764759832000},"page":"415-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Findings in younger versus older patients with the symptoms of gastroparesis undergoing gastric electrical stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Le Yu","family":"Naing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prateek","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baya","family":"Mandzhieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dibson","family":"Gondim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Fallat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stewart R.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heron","family":"Baumgarten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Stocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brock","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3175-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Abell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine The University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.26264"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis is associated with loss of CD206\u2010positive macrophages in the gastric antrum","volume":"29","author":"Grover 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electrical stimulation has an effect on gastric interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that is associated with mast cells","volume":"12","author":"Pontikos A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13230"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and 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