{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:41:48Z","timestamp":1776400908885,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Probiotic effects are strain\u2010specific; each strain needs to be assessed individually. In this review, we evaluated the effectiveness of\n                      <jats:italic>Limosilactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                      DSM 17938 in preventing antibiotic\u2010associated diarrhoea (AAD) in children receiving systemic antibiotics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and trial registries (January 2016\u2013July 2025) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing\n                      <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                      DSM 17938 with placebo, no treatment, or other probiotics in children. Risk of bias was assessed with Risk of Bias 2 (ROB\u20102), and certainty of evidence with Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three RCTs (1070 randomized, 998 analysed) were included. No significant effect was observed with \u226414\u2010day administration (two RCTs,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009901; risk ratio [RR] 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26\u20132.77; low certainty evidence), with interpretation limited by heterogeneity (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200991%) and analytical differences. A regimen of up to 21 days reduced AAD risk (two RCTs,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009751; RR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.33\u20130.75; moderate certainty evidence). A post hoc analysis of trials with follow\u2010up up to 56 days showed no significant effect (three RCTs,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009998; RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.29\u20132.46;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200983%). A subgroup analysis limited to children receiving amoxicillin\u2010clavulanate showed benefit (two RCTs,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009690; RR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.32\u20130.76;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                      DSM 17938 may reduce the risk of AAD in children when administered for up to 21 days or in those receiving amoxicillin\u2010clavulanate. No benefit was found with shorter administration or extended follow\u2010up. Further high\u2010quality trials are needed before routine use can be recommended.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T04:19:22Z","timestamp":1767586762000},"page":"781-789","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systematic review:\n                    <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri<\/i>\n                    DSM 17938 for preventing antibiotic\u2010associated diarrhoea in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4596-2874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hania","family":"Szajewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Ko\u0142odziej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej M.","family":"Zalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ener Cagri","family":"Dinleyici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9385-857X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"\u0141ukasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i11.3078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2025.2499485"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2003.tb08099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13590"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00757"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127482"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5272\/jimab.2015214.895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003633"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"HigginsJPT ThomasJ ChandlerJ et al.Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2(updated February 2021). Cochrane; 2021.www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2898"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06249-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13344"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"CD004827","article-title":"Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic\u2010associated diarrhea","volume":"4","author":"Guo Q","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/18762891-bja00049"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpn3.70320","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jpn3.70320","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpn3.70320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T03:48:56Z","timestamp":1776397736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpn3.70320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpn3.70320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpn3.70320","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-2116","1536-4801"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4801","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]}}}