{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T04:49:20Z","timestamp":1775450960964,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High protein intake during infancy has been linked to accelerated weight gain and increased obesity risk. This study aimed to examine the effects of a low\u2010protein formula during the first 6 months of life on blood metabolic and hormonal markers during early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Formula\u2010fed infants (&lt;45 days) were randomized to receive either a low\u2010protein formula with modified amino acid composition (mLP;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200990; 1.7\u2009g protein\/100\u2009kcal) or a control formula (CTRL;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200988; 2.1\u2009g protein\/100\u2009kcal) until 6 months of age. Breastfed infants served as a reference group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200967). Blood samples were collected in cooperating subjects at 1, 2, and 6 years. We measured insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101), IGF\u2010binding proteins (BPs), leptin, glucose, and insulin, and calculated Homeostatic\u2010Model\u2010Assessment\u2010of\u2010Insulin\u2010Resistance (HOMA\u2010IR). Data were analyzed using linear mixed models and linear regression, adjusting for confounders. In addition, results were correlated to priorly published body composition measurement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Venous blood was collected from 87 (36%), 77 (31%), and 63 (26%) participants at ages 1, 2, and 6 years, respectively. No differences were found in metabolic markers between the formula groups or compared to the breastfed group at any time point. Furthermore, at 6 years of age, a positive correlation was found between some biomarkers (IGF\u20101, leptin, and HOMA\u2010IR) and body composition measurements, but not all biomarkers showed such an association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this relatively small study, providing a modified, low\u2010protein infant formula during the first months of life did not affect hormonal and metabolic markers during early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T04:20:55Z","timestamp":1768537255000},"page":"1108-1118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic and hormonal serum markers in early childhood: Follow\u2010up of a randomized controlled trial during infancy evaluating a modified, low\u2010protein infant formula"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9471-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Muts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction &amp; Development Research Institute Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie M. P.","family":"Kouwenhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric &amp; Neonatal Intensive Care Erasmus MC\u2010Sophia Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dietetics Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam  the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"Antl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Paediatrics, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Site Munich Munich 80337 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"Abrahamse\u2010Berkeveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Research &amp; Innovation Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britt J.","family":"van Keulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction &amp; Development Research Institute Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Demmelmair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Paediatrics, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Site Munich Munich 80337 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesca M.","family":"Holdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Wilfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris H. P.","family":"van den Akker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction &amp; Development Research Institute Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology\u2010Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes B.","family":"van Goudoever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction &amp; Development Research Institute Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Koletzko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Paediatrics, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Site Munich Munich 80337 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665112000596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.237164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.072603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3535-7_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328351c472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13350"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1133","article-title":"The leptin\/adiponectin ratio in mid\u2010infancy correlates with weight gain in healthy term infants, but is unrelated to serum insulin concentrations, body mass index, or skin fold thickness","volume":"21","author":"Diamon F","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1219-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665107005447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.70038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.001123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"IBM Corp.IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows;2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.000596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515004456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01934.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02533-z"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpn3.70341","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jpn3.70341","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpn3.70341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T03:27:53Z","timestamp":1775446073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpn3.70341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpn3.70341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpn3.70341","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-2116","1536-4801"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4801","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]}}}