{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:42:06Z","timestamp":1776400926298,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterise early postnatal microbial development across maternal gut, breast milk, and infant gut compartments, and explore potential modulation by maternal stress in a cohort of Chinese mothers practising traditional postpartum confinement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This secondary analysis draws on a randomised controlled trial of a maternal relaxation intervention in late preterm and early\u2010term dyads. Vaginally delivered mothers (34\u2009+\u20090 to 37\u2009+\u20096 weeks) and their exclusively breastfed infants were followed from 1 to 8 weeks postpartum. Maternal stool, breast milk, and infant stool samples were collected at both time points and analysed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Changes in gut microbiome diversity and composition (alpha andbeta diversity metrics) and the relative abundance of dominant genera were assessed overall and by intervention group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Microbiome diversity (alpha diversity metrics) remained stable across all sample types. However, we observed a compositional temporal shift in breast milk microbiota (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039), driven primarily by changes in the control group. Infant gut microbiota showed increased\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and decreased\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      with time. A significant reduction in\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was observed in breast milk of the intervention group only. Maternal gut microbiota remained stable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microbial composition in breast milk and infant gut shifted over the first 8 weeks postpartum, while maternal gut remained stable. Findings suggest maternal stress\u2010reduction interventions may influence breast milk microbiota. Further research is warranted to confirm these effects and investigate mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T07:11:36Z","timestamp":1768461096000},"page":"819-827","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Maternal and infant microbiota in early infancy: Longitudinal findings from a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5182-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyue","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population, Policy &amp; Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Childhood Nutrition Research Group London UK"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Science, Evidence Synthesis Group, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C. K.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population, Policy &amp; Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Childhood Nutrition Research Group London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Healthcare, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis Sandris","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Fewtrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population, Policy &amp; Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Childhood Nutrition Research Group London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1897210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10061429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.0585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2022.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1153-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0617-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.0378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.037382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"541","article-title":"Reviewing the evidence on breast milk composition and immunological outcomes","volume":"77","author":"Boix\u2010Amor\u00f3s A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003099277-30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2672-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/ETLS20170058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-005-0020-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2023.07.005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpn3.70342","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jpn3.70342","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpn3.70342","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T03:48:51Z","timestamp":1776397731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpn3.70342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpn3.70342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpn3.70342","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-2116","1536-4801"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4801","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]}}}