{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:09:59Z","timestamp":1788775799993,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite advances in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) with biologics, remission rates remain at 47%\u201360% with loss\u2010of\u2010response rates at 60%\u201368%. Evidence for efficacy of dual biologic therapy (DBT) with anti\u2010tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy (anti\u2010TNF\u2010\u03b1)\u2010 vedolizumab (VDZ) for children refractory to anti\u2010TNF\u2010\u03b1 therapy is limited. This study aimed to describe rates of steroid\u2010free clinical remission (CR), endoscopic and histological remission, trends in biochemistry, predictors of response, and adverse events in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective study of children with PIBD treated with anti\u2010TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2013VDZ DBT for 6\u201312 months from 2020 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010two treatment episodes were analyzed in 21 patients (17 Crohn's disease, 5 ulcerative colitis) with 13 continuing to 12 months. CR increased from 9% at baseline to 68% at 3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 47%\u201383%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), 55% at 6 months (95% CI 35%\u201373%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and 50% at 12 months (95% CI 31%\u201369%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Seventy\u2010two percent in total achieved CR during follow\u2010up. Endoscopic remission increased from 5% to 38% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), histological remission from 5% to 29% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046). Fecal calprotectin decreased from 930 to 500\u2009\u03bcg\/g at 3 months (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), 680\u2009\u03bcg\/g at 6 months (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03), and 255\u2009\u03bcg\/g at 12 months (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.12). Trends toward remission were observed in patients with colonic disease, incomplete response rather than loss of response to anti\u2010TNF\u2010\u03b1, and ulcerative colitis. Two significant adverse events occurred: pulmonary mucormycosis and herpes\u2010simplex virus keratitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti\u2010TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2013VDZ DBT improved clinical, endoscopic, and histological outcomes in children refractory to biologic monotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:34:07Z","timestamp":1788327247000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual biologic therapy in inflammatory bowel disease, a retrospective cohort study of vedolizumab and anti\u2010tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6215-3681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan E. 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