{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T02:40:54Z","timestamp":1792377654804,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune dysregulation in paediatric portal hypertension (PHT) is poorly understood. We aimed to characterise T cell phenotype and function and circulating immune mediators in children with PHT according to disease aetiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty\u2010four children with PHT (27 chronic liver disease [CLD]\u2010related and 17 portal vein thrombosis [PVT]\u2010related) and 15 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Peripheral and portal blood samples were analysed using multiparameter flow cytometry and ELISA to assess T cell subsets, chemokine receptors, cytokines and soluble immune markers. Analyses examined group differences and correlations with liver stiffness and bleeding history.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PHT was associated with reduced circulating T cells, altered immune phenotypes and impaired effector function. CLD\u2010related PHT exhibited a pronounced pro\u2010inflammatory profile, with elevated IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF\u2010\u03b1, MMP7 and soluble PD\u2010L1 and increased CD39 and PD\u20101. PVT\u2010related PHT showed relatively preserved liver function and milder systemic inflammation but altered T cell trafficking, characterised by increased CCR4 and reduced CXCR3 expression. Elevated CXCL9 correlated with CXCR3 expression. T cells in the portal circulation displayed reduced cytokine production and cytotoxicity, suggesting functional adaptation within the hepatic microenvironment. Liver stiffness correlated positively with pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and immune\u2010regulatory markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paediatric PHT is characterised by aetiology\u2010specific T cell dysregulation. CLD\u2010related PHT predominantly features chronic inflammation and T cell exhaustion, whereas PVT\u2010related PHT shows a milder inflammatory phenotype with altered T cell trafficking. These findings provide mechanistic insights and identify candidate immune signatures requiring validation in larger, aetiology\u2010specific cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T02:19:57Z","timestamp":1792376397000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered T cell immune profile and its prognostic implications in children with portal hypertension: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3034-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tengfei","family":"Si","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology &amp; Microbial Sciences, King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Liver, GI &amp; Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola Di","family":"Dato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology &amp; Microbial Sciences, King's College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology &amp; Microbial Sciences, King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology &amp; Microbial Sciences, King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roger Williams Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology &amp; Microbial Sciences, King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology King's College Hospital NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology King's College Hospital NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eirini","family":"Kyrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Liver, GI &amp; Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Trust London UK"},{"name":"The Roger Williams Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology &amp; Microbial Sciences, King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roger Williams Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology &amp; Microbial Sciences, King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0174-4787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tassos","family":"Grammatikopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Liver, GI &amp; Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Trust London UK"},{"name":"The Roger Williams Institute of Liver Studies, 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