{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:43:36Z","timestamp":1792665816933,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and cerebral palsy (CP) are severe neurological conditions characterized by neurodegeneration and non\u2010progressive brain injury, respectively, both profoundly affecting the nutritional status in children. This observational study aimed to comprehensively assess and compare anthropometry and body composition across groups of children with SMA, CP, and healthy controls (HCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled three age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched groups of 40 children each: CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System IV\u2013V), SMA (Types I\u2013II), and HC. Anthropometry, skinfolds, and circumferences were collected, and relative\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score was calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated using the Slaughter equation; fat mass index (FMI), fat\u2010free mass (FFM), and FFM Index (FFMI) were calculated. One\u2010way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and robust linear regression were performed adjusting for sex, age, body mass index\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score (BMIz), epilepsy, feeding via, ventilation, and pharmacological treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BMIz was significantly lower in children with neurological impairment than in HC, with no difference between CP and SMA (HC: 0.04 [\u22120.5; 0.6]; CP: \u22121.8 [\u22124.3; \u22120.6]; SMA: \u22123.0 [\u22124.7; \u22121.2],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). After adjustments, SMA group showed 17.02% higher BF% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.27\u201325.78;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0003) and higher FMI (+1.37; 95% CI: 0.98\u20133.75;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), compared to CP. When referenced to HC, FMI was higher in SMA and lower in CP. Lastly, SMA showed lower FFMI compared to both CP and HC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SMA is characterized by higher BF% and a marked deficit in FFM compared to CP, independently of BMIz, epilepsy, feeding via, and pharmacological treatment. Neurological impairments are associated with distinct body composition patterns, highlighting the need for personalized nutritional assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.70616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:37:23Z","timestamp":1792665443000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disease\u2010specific body composition patterns in children with cerebral palsy and spinal muscular atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6100-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Fiore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Vizzuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"De Amicis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS\u2010DIS) University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Borsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireia","family":"Escudero\u2010Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (EURISTIKOS) University of Granada Granada Spain"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Granada Granada Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA Health Sciences Technological Park Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Destro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatim","family":"Azaryah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (EURISTIKOS) University of Granada Granada Spain"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Granada Granada Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA Health Sciences Technological Park Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Mastella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAPRE\u2010UONPIA, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Mandelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Stabilini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Bosetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Zoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Bonaventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Pediatric Neurology, C.O.A.L.A. 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