{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:02:13Z","timestamp":1791298933224,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JPGN rep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to summarise findings on blood cytokine levels in patients with paediatric\u2010onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses) guidelines and was registered at Prospero (CRD42024579684). A literature search was performed on 1 August 2024 in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus. We included studies that reported levels of cytokines in plasma or serum. Pooled effect sizes of mean values were calculated using Hedges'\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      for any cytokine reported by two or more studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The search revealed 5529 papers. Twenty\u2010three articles reporting on 58 cytokines were included, totalling 1018 patients with PIBD and 634 healthy controls. Meta\u2010analysis was feasible for three cytokines: interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1. IL\u20106 levels were elevated in PIBD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009482, standardised mean difference [SMD]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00\u20132.43), although with high heterogeneity (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      : 96.69%). The effect size for patients with Crohn's disease (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009336) was SMD 1.93 (95% CI: 0.85\u20133.00,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      : 97.81%), and for patients with ulcerative colitis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200985) the SMD was 1.58 (95% CI: 0.34\u20132.83,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      : 93.98%). In contrast, levels of IL\u20101\u03b2 (SMD: 1.07, 95% CI: \u22121.01 to 3.14,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      : 93.8%) and TNF\u2010\u03b1 (SMD: 0.22; 95% CI: \u22120.17 to 0.60;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      : 77.0%) did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Additionally, the associations with the remaining 55 cytokines not eligible for meta\u2010analysis were reviewed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL\u20106 was increased in the peripheral blood of patients with PIBD. Further proteomic studies, including correlation analyses of clinical data, are encouraged.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpr3.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T11:42:59Z","timestamp":1764243779000},"page":"77-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Peripheral blood cytokine levels in paediatric\u2010onset inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7105-3746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Jansson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital University of Copenhagen Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents, and Adults, Amager and Hvidovre Hospital University of Copenhagen Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ehrstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital University of Copenhagen Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents, and Adults, Amager and Hvidovre Hospital University of Copenhagen Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Ulrikka","family":"Rask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Burisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents, and Adults, Amager and Hvidovre Hospital University of Copenhagen Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Hvidovre Hospital University of Copenhagen Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Eriksen","family":"Benros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Research Centre for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Seidelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Digestive Diseases, Transplantation, and General Surgery, IBD Section, Rigshospitalet 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