{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:15:27Z","timestamp":1785143727748,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JPGN rep."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Gamma\u2010glutamyltransferase (\u03b3GT), a key enzyme in glutathione metabolism, is abundant in colostrum and may indicate neonatal gastrointestinal maturation, although normative serum values and associations with breast milk intake remain unclear, particularly in preterm infants. In this prospective study, serum \u03b3GT was measured in 84 neonates, including 36 born before 32 weeks' gestation and 48 born at or after 32 weeks, across the first 4 postnatal weeks. Breast milk \u03b3GT was analyzed in samples from 107 mothers, and correlations with colostrum intake were assessed in 66 neonates. Serum \u03b3GT remained relatively stable (110\u2013130\u2009U\/L). Preterm infants receiving colostrum had higher \u03b3GT in Week 1 than non\u2010exposed infants, although not conventionally significant, and lower values by Week 4 (138.7 vs. 91.7\u2009U\/L,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.056; Week 4,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.027). Week\u20101 breast milk intake correlated with serum \u03b3GT across all 4 weeks in preterm infants (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.007, 0.001, 0.003, 0.022).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpr3.70215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T08:57:10Z","timestamp":1785142630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gamma\u2010glutamyltransferase and immunoglobulin G in intestinal maturation: Pilot study in preterm and term infants and the influence of breast milk"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Jakobs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health University of Witten\/Herdecke Witten Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Gastroenterology Children's Hospital Kassel Kassel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Riedl\u2010Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Gastroenterology Children's Hospital Kassel Kassel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Jakobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health University of Witten\/Herdecke Witten Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Waitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Gastroenterology Children's Hospital Kassel Kassel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4008-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Jenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health University of Witten\/Herdecke Witten Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Gastroenterology Children's Hospital Kassel Kassel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01153","article-title":"The immature gut barrier and its importance in establishing immunity in newborn mammals","volume":"11","author":"Westr\u00f6m B","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071405","article-title":"Development of the gastrointestinal tract in newborns as a challenge for an appropriate nutrition: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Indrio 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DB","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Mater Fetal Neonatal Med"}],"container-title":["JPGN 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