{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T18:26:54Z","timestamp":1789928814038,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,11]],"date-time":"2006-12-11T22:16:58Z","timestamp":1165875418000},"page":"670-681","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Temperature and pH Sensitive Hydrogels: An Approach Towards Smart Semen-Triggered Vaginal Microbicidal Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Kavita M.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott R.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Tangaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith C.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek H.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick F.","family":"Kiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0010","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 2004. Women and AIDS, confronting the crisis."},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0015","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 2004. Questions & answers II: Basic facts about the HIV\/AIDS epidemic and its impact."},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro729","article-title":"Inhibiting sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection","volume":"1","author":"Shattock","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd959","article-title":"Microbicides: A new approach to preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections","volume":"1","author":"Stone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0030","unstructured":"Watts CMCO. 2002. The public health impact of microbicides: Model projections. Microbicides 2002 Conference [online]."},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200103300-00012","article-title":"Viral burden in genital secretions determines male-to-female sexual transmission of HIV-1: A probabilistic empiric model","volume":"15","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1086\/517436","article-title":"High levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in blood and semen of seropositive men in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"177","author":"Dyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0045","series-title":"Vaginal drug delivery","first-page":"301","author":"Okada","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00010-4","article-title":"A vaginal fluid simulant","volume":"59","author":"Owen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.04104","article-title":"A review of the physical and chemical properties of human semen and the formulation of a semen simulant","volume":"26","author":"Owen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.4.3.367-374.1997","article-title":"In vivo semen-associated pH neutralization of cervicovaginal secretions","volume":"4","author":"Tevi-Benissan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki326","article-title":"Long-term, controlled release of the HIV microbicide TMC120 from silicone elastomer vaginal rings","volume":"56","author":"Malcolm","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2165\/00137696-200604010-00002","article-title":"Potential use of vaginal rings for prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV: A controlled-release strategy for HIV microbicides","volume":"4","author":"Woolfson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.03.012","article-title":"Gels as vaginal drug delivery systems","volume":"318","author":"das Neves","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-005-2490-1","article-title":"Development and characterization of bioadhesive vaginal films of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), a novel contraceptive antimicrobial agent","volume":"22","author":"Garg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(97)00097-8","article-title":"A phase I comparative study of contraceptive vaginal films containing benzalkonium chloride and nonoxynol-9. Postcoital testing and colposcopy","volume":"56","author":"Mauck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-3-27","article-title":"Water dispersible microbicidal cellulose acetate phthalate film","volume":"3","author":"Neurath","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199908200-00011","article-title":"Phase 1 trial of nonoxynol-9 film among sex workers in South Africa","volume":"13","author":"Rustomjee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/108729103322277402","article-title":"Development pharmaceutics of microbicide formulations. Part II: Formulation, evaluation, and challenges","volume":"17","author":"Garg","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20386","article-title":"Erosion of microbicide formulation coating layers: Effects of contact and shearing with vaginal fluid or semen","volume":"94","author":"Geonnotti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200405010-00001","article-title":"Recommendations for the nonclinical development of topical microbicides for prevention of HIV transmission: An update","volume":"36","author":"Lard-Whiteford","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200211000-00007","article-title":"Microbicide efficacy and toxicity tests in a mouse model for vaginal transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"29","author":"Achilles","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0120","first-page":"14","article-title":"Compendium of pharmaceutical excipients for vaginal formulations","volume":"11","author":"Garg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharm Technol Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(00)00184-0","article-title":"Rheological properties of contraceptive gels","volume":"62","author":"Owen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0130","unstructured":"Peterson L, Toxler A, Belai G. 2006. Microbicides 2006, Cape Town, South Africa, 2006, OD13."},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0135","first-page":"278","article-title":"Using microbicidal gels to prevent sexual transmission of HIV","volume":"76","author":"Bergeron","year":"1997","journal-title":"Polymeric Mater Scie Eng"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(02)00232-6","article-title":"Rheological evaluation of thermosensitive and mucoadhesive vaginal gels in physiological conditions","volume":"241","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(94)90161-9","article-title":"pH\/Temperature-sensitive polymers for macromolecular drug loading and release","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(86)90005-2","article-title":"Thermally reversible hydrogels: II. Delivery and selective removal of substances from aqueous solutions","volume":"4","author":"Hoffman","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6885","DOI":"10.1021\/ie051034o","article-title":"Rheology of block polyelectrolyte solutions and gels: A review","volume":"45","author":"Kimerling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0160","unstructured":"About 1 mm layer of the sample was loaded in a 4 mL vial maintained at 37\u00b0C for 10 min prior to loading the sample. The time required for the sample layer to reach 37\u00b0C was recorded. The experiment was repeated three times and the mean value of the three time measurements was used (data not shown)."},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-79","article-title":"Low pH immobilizes and kills human leukocytes and prevents transmission of cell-associated HIV in a mouse model","volume":"5","author":"Olmsted","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(02)00430-4","article-title":"Effect of temperature and pH on contraceptive gel viscosity","volume":"67","author":"Owen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200411050-00012","article-title":"Nonoxynol-9 100 mg gel: Multi-site safety study from sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"18","author":"Hoffman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0185","unstructured":"The United States Pharmacopeia. XXVI rev; 2002. United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc.: Rockville, MD, pp 1831\u20131836."},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.7.2292-2298.2002","article-title":"Comparative in vitro sensitivities of human immune cell lines, vaginal and cervical epithelial cell lines, and primary cells to candidate microbicides nonoxynol 9, C31G, and sodium dodecyl sulfate","volume":"46","author":"Krebs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199804010-00006","article-title":"Safety study of nonoxynol-9 as a vaginal microbicide: Evidence of adverse effects","volume":"17","author":"Stafford","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249300400308","article-title":"A dosing study of nonoxynol-9 and genital irritation","volume":"4","author":"Roddy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200101010-00003","article-title":"Phase 1 trial of the topical microbicide BufferGel: Safety results from four international sites","volume":"26","author":"van De Wijgert","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.20752_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S174","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200410013-00008","article-title":"Preclinical assessment of the proinflammatory potential of microbicide candidates","volume":"37","author":"Doncel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022354916322018?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022354916322018?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T07:09:12Z","timestamp":1587280152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022354916322018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022354916322018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jps.20752","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3549","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}}}