{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T09:15:29Z","timestamp":1782810929301,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,28]],"date-time":"2009-05-28T20:15:23Z","timestamp":1243541723000},"page":"4852-4865","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["New chitosan derivatives for the preparation of rokitamycin loaded microspheres designed for ocular or nasal administration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Rassu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Gavini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Jonassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ylenia","family":"Zambito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Fogli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Breschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Giunchedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm089","article-title":"Activities of 16-membered ring macrolides and telithromycin against different genotypes of erythromycin-susceptible and erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"59","author":"Mazzariol","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0015","first-page":"31","article-title":"Comparison of antimicrobial and bactericidal activities and postantibiotic effects of macrolides antibiotics against clinical isolates, and examination of shape alteration by scanning electron microscope","volume":"60","author":"Yano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn J Antibiot"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2005.11.260","article-title":"Characterization of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Korea, and In Vitro activity of telithromycin against erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4520","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.12.4520-4527.2004","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of the macrolide rokitamycin and chlorpromazine against Acanthamoeba castellanii","volume":"48","author":"Mattana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(98)00004-6","article-title":"Acanthamoeba keratitis","volume":"42","author":"Illingworth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv Ophtalmol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2174\/1874126600802010038","article-title":"Improvement of antiamoebic activity of rokitamycin loaded in chitosan microspheres","volume":"2","author":"Rassu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Open Drug Del J"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(02)00363-2","article-title":"Nasal drug delivery-possibilities, problems and solutions","volume":"87","author":"Illum","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Contr Rel"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357022539","article-title":"Is nose-to-brain transport of drugs in man a reality?","volume":"56","author":"Illum","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4889","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21335","article-title":"Brain uptake of an antiischemic agent by nasal administration of microparticles","volume":"97","author":"Dalpiaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2007.10.043","article-title":"Mucoadhesive microparticles engineered for ophthalmic drug delivery","volume":"69","author":"Choy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Phys Chem Solids"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2006.12.014","article-title":"Evaluation of bioadhesive polymers as delivery systems for nose to brain delivery: In vitro characterization studies","volume":"118","author":"Charlton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Contr Rel"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2006.11.018","article-title":"Distribution and clearance of bioadhesive formulations from the olfactory region in man: Effect of polymer type and nasal delivery device","volume":"30","author":"Charlton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(98)00367-6","article-title":"Evaluation of the clearance characteristics of bioadhesive systems in humans","volume":"178","author":"Soane","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.4.3.263","article-title":"The promise of chitosan microspheres in drug delivery systems","volume":"4","author":"Varshosaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(99)00003-4","article-title":"Topical use of chitosan in ophthalmology: Tolerance assessment and evaluation of precorneal retention","volume":"180","author":"Felt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6017","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030441b","article-title":"Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives","volume":"104","author":"Ravi Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(98)00073-8","article-title":"Intranasal insulin delivery and therapy","volume":"35","author":"Hinchcliffe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0095","first-page":"89","article-title":"Novel chitosan based delivery systems for nasal administration of a LHRH-analogue","volume":"10","author":"Illum","year":"2000","journal-title":"STP Pharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.06.020","article-title":"Involvement of protein kinase C in chitosan glutamate-mediated tight junction disruption","volume":"26","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2003.12.018","article-title":"Effect of chitosan and of N-carboxymethylchitosan on intraocular penetration of topically supplied ofloxacin","volume":"273","author":"Di Colo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20197","article-title":"Effects of different N-trimethylchitosans on in vitro\/in vivo ofloxacin transcorneal permeation","volume":"93","author":"Di Colo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0115","first-page":"351","article-title":"Assessment of chitosan derivatives as buccal and vaginal penetration enhancers","volume":"21","author":"Sandri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2005.03.017","article-title":"Buccal penetration enhancement properties of N-trimethyl chitosan: Influence of quaternization degree on absorption of a high molecular weight molecule","volume":"297","author":"Sandri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2006.01.004","article-title":"Effect of N-trimethylchitosan on transcellular and paracellular transcorneal drug trasport","volume":"64","author":"Zambito","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1773-2247(07)50003-1","article-title":"Novel quaternary ammonium chitosan derivatives for the promotion of intraocular drug absorption","volume":"17","author":"Zambito","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Drug Del Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2007.05.002","article-title":"Spray-dried microspheres based on methylpyrrolidinone chitosan as new carrier for nasal administration of metoclopramide","volume":"68","author":"Gavini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012106907708","article-title":"N-trimethyl chitosan chloride as a potential absorption enhancer across mucosal surfaces: In vitro evaluation in intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2)","volume":"14","author":"Kotz\u00e9","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(97)00154-5","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of different chitosan salts and N-trimethyl chitosan chloride on the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2)","volume":"51","author":"Kotz\u00e9","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Contr Rel"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007558206506","article-title":"N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) improves the intestinal permeation of the peptide drug buserelin in vitro (Caco-2 cells) and in vivo (rats)","volume":"17","author":"Thanou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8617(02)00008-5","article-title":"The relationship between the absolute molecular weight and the degree of quaternisation of N-trimethyl chitosan chloride","volume":"50","author":"Snyman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1081\/DDC-120016684","article-title":"Evaluation of the mucoadhesive properties of N-trimethyl chitosan chloride","volume":"29","author":"Snyman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2006.09.001","article-title":"Novel transmucosal absorption enhancers obtained by aminoalkylation of chitosan","volume":"29","author":"Zambito","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2008.01.004","article-title":"Improved synthesis of quaternary ammonium-chitosan conjugates (N+-Ch) for enhanced intestinal drug permeation","volume":"33","author":"Zambito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(92)80521-Q","article-title":"Sensitive determination of josamycin and rokitamycjn in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection","volume":"575","author":"Tod","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Chromatogr"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(97)00063-X","article-title":"Effects of physicochemical properties and other factors on systemic nasal drug delivery","volume":"29","author":"Behl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357055623","article-title":"Mucoadhesive microspheres for nasal administration of an antiemetic drug, metoclopramide: In vitro\/ex vivo studies","volume":"57","author":"Gavini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(99)00030-7","article-title":"Effect of chitosan on epithelial permeability and structure","volume":"182","author":"Dodane","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1081\/PDT-100100541","article-title":"Production of eudragit microparticles by spray-drying technique: Influence of experimental parameters on morphological and dimensional characteristics","volume":"5","author":"Esposito","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharm Dev Technol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0200","first-page":"276","article-title":"Spray-drying as a preparation method of microparticulate drug delivery systems: An overview","volume":"5","author":"Giunchedi","year":"1995","journal-title":"STP Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2003.12.026","article-title":"Chitosan microspheres as a potential carrier for drugs","volume":"274","author":"Sinha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1080\/03639040801974303","article-title":"Ketoprofen spray-dried microspheres based on Eudragit\u00ae RS and RL: Study of the manufacturing parameters","volume":"34","author":"Rassu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2005.07.009","article-title":"Nasal mucoadhesive drug delivery: Background, applications, trends and future perspectives","volume":"57","author":"Ugwoke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/jps.21751_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00602-0","article-title":"Clearance characteristics of chitosan based formulations in the sheep nasal cavity","volume":"217","author":"Soane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022354916331884?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022354916331884?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T11:47:12Z","timestamp":1558352832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022354916331884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022354916331884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jps.21751","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3549","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}}}