{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:16:35Z","timestamp":1789193795895,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Raman Spectroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gout is a disease process where the nucleation and growth of crystals in the synovial fluid of joints elicit painful arthritis\u2010like symptoms. Raman spectroscopy is evolving as a potential diagnostic tool in identifying such crystals; however, attainment of sufficient Raman signal while overcoming the background fluorescence remains as a major challenge. The current study focused on assessing whether excitation in 532\u2013700 nm range will provide greater signal intensity than the standard 785 nm while not being impeded by background fluorescence. We characterized the fluorescence spectra, absorption spectra and Raman spectra of synovial fluid from patients who presented \u2018gout\u2010like symptoms\u2019 (symptomatic) and controls (asymptomatic). A digestion and filtration method was developed to isolate crystals from synovial fluid while reducing the organic burden. Spectral profile and photobleaching dynamics during Raman spectroscopy were observed under an excitation wavelength range spanning 532 to 785 nm. Absorbance and fluorescence profiles indicated the digestion and filtration worked effectively to extract crystals from symptomatic synovial fluid without introducing additional fluorescence. Raman spectral analyses at 532 nm, 660 nm, 690 nm and 785 nm indicated that both asymptomatic and symptomatic samples had significant levels of fluorescence at excitation wavelengths below 700 nm, which either hindered the collection of Raman signal or necessitated prolonged durations of photobleaching. Raman\u2010based diagnostics were more feasible at the longest excitation wavelength of 785 nm without employing photobleaching. This study further demonstrated that a near\u2010infrared (NIR) OEM\u2010based lower\u2010cost Raman system at 785 nm excitation has sufficient sensitivity to identify crystals isolated from the synovial fluid. In conclusion, while lower excitation wavelengths provide greater signal, the fluorescence necessitates NIR wavelengths for Raman analysis of crystal species observed in synovial aspirates. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.4338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T05:21:20Z","timestamp":1372656080000},"page":"1089-1095","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Laser wavelength dependence of background fluorescence in Raman spectroscopic analysis of synovial fluid from symptomatic joints"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Shan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH 44106 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH 44106 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail N.","family":"Slipchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette IN 47907 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Akkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Medicine Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH 44106 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora G.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology MetroHealth Medical Center  Cleveland OH 44109 USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH 44106 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yener N.","family":"Yeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Henry Ford Hospital  Detroit MI 48202 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozan","family":"Akkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH 44106 USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH 44106 USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH 44106 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199805)41:5<778::AID-ART4>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.024091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.58.9.582"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.9.737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199912)12:6<376::AID-ART5>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181945b79"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3130338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b716791a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90738-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"573","volume":"21","author":"Maugars Y. 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