{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:59:50Z","timestamp":1787619590762,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research Synthesis Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Meta\u2010analysis of 2 \u00d7\u20092 tables is common and useful in research topics including analysis of adverse events and survey research data. Fixed\u2010effects inference typically centers on measures of association such as the Cochran\u2010Mantel\u2010Haenszel statistic or Woolf's estimator, but relies on assuming exact homogeneity across studies, which is often unrealistic. By showing that estimators of several widely\u2010used methods have meaningful estimands even in the presence of heterogeneity, we derive improved confidence intervals for them under heterogeneity. These improvements over current methods are illustrated by simulation, and we also study which factors affect the coverage levels. We find that our confidence intervals provide coverage closer to the nominal level when heterogeneity is present, in both small and large\u2010sample settings. The conventional confidence intervals derived under homogeneity are often conservative, though anti\u2010conservative inferences occur in some scenarios. We also apply the proposed methods to a meta\u2010analysis of 19 randomized clinical trials on the effect of sclerotherapy in preventing first bleeding for patients with cirrhosis and esophagogastric varices. Our methods provide a more interpretable approach to meta\u2010analyzing binary data and more accuracy in characterizing the uncertainty of the estimators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T20:00:33Z","timestamp":1582574433000},"page":"387-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Improved inference for fixed\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis of 2 \u00d7\u20092 tables"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3040-7250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendrick","family":"Qijun Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3071-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"738","volume-title":"Statistical Meta\u2010Analysis with Applications","author":"Joachim H","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177011454"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01348.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"719","article-title":"Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease","volume":"22","author":"Nathan M","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1009211805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxq046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2008.00552.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201800071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssa.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780060306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462300008916"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2530114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-1-59"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1964.tb00564.x","article-title":"The detection of partial association, I: the 2\u00d7\u20092 case","volume":"26","author":"Birch MW","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Royal Stat Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.2.4.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280211432218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1914288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"713","article-title":"On the relationship between Bayesian and non\u2010Bayesian elimination of nuisance parameters","volume":"9","author":"Severini TA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stat Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2618-5_20"}],"container-title":["Research Synthesis Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjrsm.1401","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jrsm.1401","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jrsm.1401","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jrsm.1401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T01:22:21Z","timestamp":1722475341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jrsm.1401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jrsm.1401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1401","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-2879","1759-2887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-2879","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-2887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}