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We aimed to assess the frequency and characteristics of overlapping overviews. MEDLINE, Epistemonikos and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for overviews that: synthesized reviews of health interventions and conducted systematic searches. Overlap was defined as: duplication of PICO eligibility criteria, and not reported as an update nor a replication. We categorized overview topics according to 22 WHO ICD\u201010 medical classifications, overviews as broad or narrow in scope, and overlap as identical, nearly identical, partial, or subsumed. Subsummation was defined as when broad overviews subsumed the populations, interventions and at least one outcome of another overview. Of 541 overviews included, 169 (31%) overlapped across similar PICO, fell within 13 WHO ICD\u201010 medical classifications, and 62 topics. 148\/169 (88%) overlapping overviews were broad in scope. Fifteen overviews were classified as having nearly identical overlap (9%); 123 partial overlap (73%), and 31 subsumed (18%) others. One third of overviews overlapped in content and a majority covered broad topic areas. A multiplicity of overviews on the same topic adds to the ongoing waste of research resources, time, and effort across medical disciplines. Authors of overviews can use this study and the sample of overviews to identify gaps in the evidence for future analysis, and topics that are already studied, which do not need to be duplicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T02:17:23Z","timestamp":1639966643000},"page":"315-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A new taxonomy was developed for overlap across 'overviews of systematic reviews': A meta\u2010research study of research waste"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7825-6765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carole","family":"Lunny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma K.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Scotia Health  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trish","family":"Neelakant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons  Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia He","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavindeep","family":"Shinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6257-4806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienne","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael G. DeGroote Cochrane Canada Centre, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact McMaster University  Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Tasnim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadi","family":"Sadeghipouya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Wen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lester","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei Hsuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manpreet","family":"Dosanjh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ngsee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5896-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursula","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woodward Library University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7686-2585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beverley J.","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa  Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","article-title":"Bibliometric study of \u2018overviews of systematic reviews\u2019 of health interventions: evaluation of prevalence, citation and journal impact factor","author":"Lunny C","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Syn Method"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.005212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33235\/ajhnm.31.4.140-141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1332\/174426514X13988609036850"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Do arthroscopic and open stabilization techniques restore equivalent stability to the shoulder in the setting of anterior glenohumeral instability? 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