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Animals were fed three isoproteic diets differing in SP content and including protein concentrates either untreated (control) or treated with solutions of either malic acid (MHT) or orthophosphoric acid (OHT) and heat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with control, MHT and OHT diets reduced ruminal concentrations of ammonia\u2010nitrogen (NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010N) by 35.9% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.007), non\u2010ammonia nitrogen (NAN) by 36.8% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.007), and SP\u2010nitrogen (SP\u2010N) by 45.2% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.072) over the post\u2010feeding period. Both NAN and SP\u2010N were lower (<jats:italic>P\u2009\u2264<\/jats:italic> 0.040) for OHT than for MHT diet. The <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N enrichment of NAN and SP\u2010N did not vary either among diets or with time, and both values were closely related (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> =\u20090.965; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.001). Estimations, either using solid\u2010associated bacteria (SAB) or liquid\u2010associated bacteria (LAB) as a reference, indicated that 0.983 and 0.894 of SP\u2010N (values averaged across diets) was of microbial origin, respectively, which would indicate a practically negligible ruminal escape of feed SP\u2010N. Values of <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N\u2010enrichment in SAB and LAB fitted well to previously published SAB\u2013LAB relationships, indicating a 22% underevaluation of the N supply from SAB when only LAB is used as a reference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both the negligible ruminal escape of feed SP and the underevaluation of the bacterial nutrient supply as a consequence of the use of LAB as the only bacterial reference should be considered to improve ruminant protein feeding systems. \u00a9 2019 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T22:41:38Z","timestamp":1574808098000},"page":"1608-1615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ruminal use of undegraded\u2010feed soluble protein and accuracy of the estimations of the nutrient 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Agraria, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Agron\u00f3mica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Producci\u00f3n Agraria, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Agron\u00f3mica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4221-9057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda D","family":"Carro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Producci\u00f3n Agraria, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Agron\u00f3mica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria  Madrid 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