{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T04:52:36Z","timestamp":1772945556115,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010Theanine has multiple beneficial biological activities. However, there is little information about the use of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010theanine in broiler production. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010theanine on growth performance, intestinal development and health, and the mRNA levels of intestinal peptide and amino acid (AA) transporters of broilers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Body weight and average daily gain were increased by <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010theanine, whereas feed to gain ratio was decreased (quadratic, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Notably, the relative weight of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, villus height, villus height to crypt depth ratio, the jejunal activities of glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, catalase and total superoxide dismutase were increased linearly and\/or quadratically by <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010theanine (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), whereas crypt depth, serum <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactic acid, and jejunal protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde content were decreased linearly and\/or quadratically (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010theanine enhanced the jejunal mRNA levels of occludin, claudin\u20101, E\u2010cadherin, zona occludens\u20101, di\u2010 and tripeptide transporter, excitatory AA transporter 3, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010independent cationic AA transporter 1, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010independent cationic and zwitterionic AA transporter, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010 and Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent neutral and cationic AA transporter, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010independent cationic and Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent neutral AA transporter (y+LAT) 1, y+LAT2, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010independent branched\u2010chain and aromatic AA transporter, and heavy chain corresponding to the b\u00b0<jats:sup>,+<\/jats:sup> transport system (linear and\/or quadratic, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010Theanine beneficially affected the growth performance of broilers by improving intestinal development and health, and the intestinal mRNA levels of AA and peptide transporters. Therefore, <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010theanine has the potential to be a promising feed additive for broilers. \u00a9 2020 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T11:06:49Z","timestamp":1575976009000},"page":"1718-1725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Effect of <scp>l<\/scp>\u2010theanine on growth performance, intestinal development and health, and peptide and amino acid transporters expression of broilers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2346-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio\u2010Breeding of Anhui Province  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaikai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1898-7459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoyu","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Anhui Agricultural University  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