{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:09:38Z","timestamp":1782727778369,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term high\u2010concentrate (HC) diet feeding increased bacterial endotoxins, which translocated into the mammary glands of dairy goats and induced inflammatory response. <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010Glutamyl\u2010<jats:italic>meso<\/jats:italic>\u2010diaminopimelic acid (iE\u2010DAP), bacterial peptidoglycan component, triggered inflammatory response through activating nucleotide oligomerization domain protein 1 (NOD1) signaling pathway. While dietary supplemented with sodium butyrate (SB) relieved inflammatory response and improved animal health and production. To investigate the effects and the mechanisms of action of SB on the inflammatory response in the mammary glands of dairy goats fed HC diet, 12 Saanen dairy goats were randomly assigned into HC group and SB regulated (BHC) group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that SB supplementation attenuated ruminal pH decrease caused by HC diet in dairy goats resulting in a decrease of proinflammatory cytokines and iE\u2010DAP plasma concentration and the mRNA expression of NOD1 and other inflammation\u2010related genes. The protein levels of NOD1, NF\u2010\u03baB p65 and NF\u2010\u03baB pp65 were decreased by the SB supplementation. The expression of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) was also inhibited by the SB supplementation. Meanwhile, the chromatin compaction ratios and DNA methylation levels of NOD1 and receptor\u2010interacting protein 2 (RIP2) of BHC group were upregulated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collectively, the SB supplementation mitigated the inflammatory response in the mammary glands of dairy goats during HC\u2010induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by inhibiting the activation of the NOD1\/NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway through the decrease of the iE\u2010DAP concentration in the rumen fluid and plasma and HDAC3 expression. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling also contributed to the anti\u2010inflammatory effect of SB. \u00a9 2020 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T07:54:37Z","timestamp":1597305277000},"page":"1218-1227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Sodium butyrate attenuated <scp>iE\u2010DAP<\/scp> induced inflammatory response in the mammary glands of dairy goats fed high\u2010concentrate diet"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing P. R. 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