{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T14:21:39Z","timestamp":1788618099663,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bile acid\u2010binding agents, such as cholestyramine and colesevelam, improve both cholesterol and glucose metabolism. Kaki\u2010tannin, a polymerized condensed tannin derived from persimmon (<jats:italic>Diospyros kaki<\/jats:italic>), has been shown to have bile acid\u2010binding capacity and a hypocholesterolemic effect. However, its effects on glucose metabolism have not been well studied, and the binding selectivity of kaki\u2010tannin to bile acid molecules has not been reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> experiments using mice with high\u2010fat diet\u2010induced obesity showed that kaki\u2010tannin intake (20\u2009g\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of the diet) increased fecal bile acid excretion by 2.3\u2010fold and prevented a rise in plasma cholesterol levels and fasting plasma glucose levels. Kaki\u2010tannin also suppressed the development of impaired glucose tolerance. To characterize the bile acid\u2010binding capacity of kaki\u2010tannin, we investigated its capacity to bind to eight types of bile acid and cholesterol <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Kaki\u2010tannin showed strong capacity to bind to lithocholic acid (85.5%), which has one hydroxy group. It also showed moderate capacity to bind to bile acids with two hydroxy groups (53.3%), followed by those with three hydroxy groups (39.0%), but kaki\u2010tannin did not show binding capacity to cholesterol. These results suggest that the binding capacity of kaki\u2010tannin to bile acids tends to decrease as the number of hydroxy groups increases. Interestingly, the binding capacity of kaki\u2010tannin correlated with that of cholestyramine (correlation coefficient: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.900).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that kaki\u2010tannin binds preferentially to bile acids with fewer hydroxy groups and has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism as well as cholesterol metabolism. \u00a9 2020 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T10:56:12Z","timestamp":1601204172000},"page":"2117-2124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prevention of the rise in plasma cholesterol and glucose levels by kaki\u2010tannin and characterization of its bile acid binding 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