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This work aimed to study the relationship between freezing\u2010induced modifications of <jats:italic>Anisakis simplex s.l<\/jats:italic>., antigen recognition, and resistance to oral and gastric digestion in spiked fish mince.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>(i) Differences between non\u2010treated larvae and larvae that survived freezing \/ thawing were studied in terms of respiratory capacity, survival in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), recognition of antigens and allergens. (ii) Untreated (i.e. chilled) mince containing live larvae, mince frozen at two freezing rates, with a negative (uninfected) mince and a positive mince (infected with broken larvae) as controls, were subjected to the oral and gastric phases of a simulated digestion process. <jats:italic>Anisakis<\/jats:italic> able to survive freezing showed lower resistance to gastric fluid (i.e. faster mortality as compared to controls). Untreated larvae released significantly more antigens than freeze\u2010surviving larvae but only after 96\u2009h in SGF. In treatments rendering complete larvae mortality, the highest loss of larvae integrity was found upon fast freezing. There was a positive correlation between antigen release and the number of ruptures of larvae after the oral digestion phase, whereas a more complex trend was observed after oral plus gastric digestion phases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest a new factor to consider for sensitized patients and suggest that the numbers of L3 should be reduced before industrial freezing to minimize risk. \u00a9 2020 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T10:45:48Z","timestamp":1608633948000},"page":"3908-3916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>Anisakis simplex<\/i> (s.l.) resistance to the action of gastric enzymes depends upon previous treatments applied to infected fish mince and affects antigen 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