{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:28:35Z","timestamp":1789590515495,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phytonutrient pellet, a new rumen enhancer, was formulated from various tropical fruit peels containing phytonutrients (condensed tannins and saponins) and named MARABAC. To substantiate the MARABAC supplementation effect, it was supplemented with low and high levels of concentrate supplementation in a 4\u2009\u00d7\u20094 Latin square design with a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial arrangement using beef cattle. Based on this investigation, interesting findings were highlighted and are reported herein.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high level of concentrate supplementation (HCS) reduced rumen pH remarkably, but was buffered and enhanced by MARABAC supplementation. Rumen pH was reduced to 5.74 at 8\u2009h, post feeding upon receiving HCS, and was buffered back to 6.19 with MARABAC supplementation. The supplementation exhibited an additional pronounced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) effect on improving nutrient digestibility and efficiency of microbial nitrogen supply, mitigating rumen methane production and reducing protozoal population. Rumen and fermentation end\u2010products, especially propionate production, were enhanced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while rumen methane production was subsequently mitigated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>MARABAC is a new promising dietary rumen enhancer for future replacement of chemicals and antibiotics used to enhance the rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, more <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> feeding trials should be further conducted to elucidate the insight impacts. \u00a9 2021 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]],"date-time":"2021-01-16T05:53:31Z","timestamp":1610776411000},"page":"4543-4550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Supplementation of fruit peel pellet containing phytonutrients to manipulate rumen <scp>pH<\/scp>, fermentation efficiency, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6137-1372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Metha","family":"Wanapat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture, Khon 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