{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T01:46:14Z","timestamp":1781919974343,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tomato is one of the widely cultivated crops worldwide that is affected by several pests, such as fungi (<jats:italic>Fusarium oxysoporum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Alternaria solani<\/jats:italic>), bacteria (<jats:italic>Pectobacterium carotovorum<\/jats:italic>) and weeds (<jats:italic>Cyperus iria<\/jats:italic> L., <jats:italic>Amaranthus spinosus<\/jats:italic>). A growing interest has emerged for developing plant\u2010derived pesticidal compounds to counteract these pests. One attractive alternative is to use barnyard grass (<jats:italic>Echinochloa crus\u2010galli<\/jats:italic>), known to be widely resistant to synthetic herbicides, as a potential biopesticide compound source.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phytochemical screening of the crude extract showed that phenolic compounds were the most abundant component present in barnyard grass. The crude extract was evaluated for antifungal, antibacterial and herbicidal activities. Bioassays showed inhibition against <jats:italic>F. oxysporum<\/jats:italic> (10.73\u2009\u00b1\u20091.30%) and <jats:italic>A. solani<\/jats:italic> (20.47\u2009\u00b1\u20093.51%), the causative agent of Fusarium rot and early blight disease in tomato, respectively. Antibacterial activity against <jats:italic>P. carotovorum<\/jats:italic> gave a mean zone of inhibition (paper disc diffusion assay) of 17.00\u2009\u00b1\u20091.00\u2009mm and an IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> (dose\u2013response assay) of 2.26\u2009mg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> was observed. Dose\u2013responsive herbicidal activity on the lettuce seed germination bioassay produced an IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 459.30\u2009ppm. Selectivity studies showed inhibition towards <jats:italic>C. iria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. spinosus<\/jats:italic> with no effect on tomato. Lastly, bioassay\u2010guided fractionation coupled with untargeted metabolomics studies using ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection\u2013tandem mass spectrometry mass analyses revealed loliolide and tricin as the putative metabolites present in barnyard grass.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>To date, this is the first reported study on using barnyard grass as a potential alternative biopesticide against tomato pests such as fungi, bacteria and weeds. \u00a9 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T13:38:45Z","timestamp":1620567525000},"page":"6289-6299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<scp>Barnyard grass<\/scp> [<scp><i>Echinochloa crus\u2010galli<\/i><\/scp> (L.) Beauv] <scp>leaves extract against tomato pests<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2492-2379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melvin A","family":"Castrosanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Sciences Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os  Los Ba\u00f1os Laguna 4031 Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6411-9906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Russelle","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Sciences Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os  Los Ba\u00f1os Laguna 4031 Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C","family":"Salamanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Sciences Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os  Los Ba\u00f1os Laguna 4031 Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruel C","family":"Nacario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Sciences Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os  Los Ba\u00f1os Laguna 4031 Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gladys C","family":"Completo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Sciences Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os  Los Ba\u00f1os Laguna 4031 Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Major Vegetables and Rootcrops Quarterly Bulletin","author":"Bersales LGS","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Rillon G. 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