{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:52:51Z","timestamp":1791528771630,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Until now, there is no method available for analysis of pesticide residues in complex matrices like spices. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and validate a QuEChERS\u2010based method for the estimation of 104 pesticides in cumin seed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Samples were spiked for 109 pesticides at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Of these 104 pesticides were recovered. At 0.1, 0.5 and 0.1\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, recoveries ranged from 71% to 108% when compared with matrix matched standards. Seventeen pesticides showed higher or lower recoveries than acceptable range (70\u2013120%) when quantified using solvent standards showing significant matrix effect (ME) (\u2265 \u00b120%) even after 20\u00d7 dilution. However, for the other pesticides ME was significantly eliminated on dilution. The recovery percentage improved for all pesticides on quantitation with matrix matched standards when compared with solvent standards. For pesticides with lower European Union (EU) maximum residue limits (MRLs), an experiment at lower spiking concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> with lower dilutions (8\u00d7) reveals that almost all pesticides with lower EU MRLs (0.02 and 0.05\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) showed recoveries in the range 74\u2013124% and relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 20%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Theoretical limit of quantitation (LOQ) is proposed which ranged from 0.01 to 0.18\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for matrix matched standards. An LOQ of 0.01\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> was easily achieved for the pesticides with lower EU MRLs with lower dilutions (8\u00d7) with exception of fipronil for which this can be achieved without dilution provided matrix matched standards are used. The method can be extended to other spices. \u00a9 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T01:14:09Z","timestamp":1630286049000},"page":"1782-1811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Development, validation and evaluation of matrix effect of a <scp>QuEChERS<\/scp>\u2010based multiresidue method with low temperature dispersive clean\u2010up for analysis of <scp>104<\/scp> pesticides in cumin (<i>Cuminum cyminum<\/i>) by <scp>LC\u2010MS<\/scp>\/<scp>MS<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Kaushik D","family":"Parmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues Anand Agricultural University  Anand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi L","family":"Kalasariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues Anand Agricultural University  Anand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitesh S","family":"Litoriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues Anand Agricultural University  Anand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2031-3998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suchi","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues Anand Agricultural University  Anand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran M","family":"Vaghela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues Anand Agricultural University  Anand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paresh G","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues Anand Agricultural University  Anand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fqsafe\/fyx031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Bio\u2010efficacy of different insecticides against aphid (Myzuspersicae) in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)","volume":"26","author":"Dangi NL","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Spices Aromat Crops"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Pest scenario of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and population dynamics in semi\u2010arid region of Rajasthan","volume":"8","author":"Meena NK","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Seed Spices"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Diseases of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and their management","volume":"4","author":"Dange SRS","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Spices Aromat Crops"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Diseases of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Their Management","author":"Didwania N","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.03.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-9192-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-0016-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ay05543k"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AY01293G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b07706"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"AOAC \u2013 Official methods of analysis of AOAC International(2016) 20th edition 2016 ed. 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