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The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of exopolysaccharide from\n                      <jats:italic>Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      XG5 (XG5 EPS) against type 1 diabetes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Long\u2010term drench of XG5 EPS delayed the onset of autoimmune diabetes and had fewer islets with high\u2010grade infiltration (an insulitis score of 3 or 4) than untreated NOD mice. Oral administration of 50\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0d\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      XG5 EPS increased the insulin and glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) levels of serum, stimulated GLP\u20101 secretion and upregulated\n                      <jats:italic>gcg<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA expression of colon in NOD mice. Moreover, oral administration of 50\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0d\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      XG5 EPS significantly increased total short\u2010chain fatty acids levels in the colon contents, especially those of acetic acid and butyric acid. In NCI\u2010H716 cells, 500 and 1000\u2009\u03bcmol\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      sodium butyrate promoted the secretion of GLP\u20101 and upregulated the mRNA expression of\n                      <jats:italic>gcg<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>PC3<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while XG5 EPS and sodium acetate did not stimulate the GLP\u20101 secretion. Therefore, long\u2010term drench of XG5 EPS delayed the onset of autoimmune diabetes, which may be directly correlated with the increase of butyrate in the colon of NOD mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Long\u2010term drench of 50\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0d\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      XG5 EPS promoted the expression and secretion of GLP\u20101 by increasing the production of butyric acid, thereby delaying T1D onset in NOD mice. \u00a9 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T23:55:45Z","timestamp":1632441345000},"page":"2023-2031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long\u2010term drench of exopolysaccharide from\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides<\/i>\n                      XG5\n                    <\/scp>\n                    protects against type 1 diabetes of\n                    <scp>NOD<\/scp>\n                    mice via stimulating\n                    <scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 secretion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7420-0991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University  135 Yaguan Road Tianjin 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