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This study examined the effects of live <jats:italic>E. cristatum<\/jats:italic> on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in high\u2010fat (HF) diet\u2010induced obese mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male HF diet\u2010fed mice were treated with <jats:italic>E. cristatum<\/jats:italic> for 12\u2009weeks. The results showed that <jats:italic>E. cristatum<\/jats:italic> administration caused strong inhibition against HF\u2010induced body weight gain, dyslipidemia and liver oxidative stress damage. Additionally, <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic> in phylum level and six types of bacterial including short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing bacteria in genus level were found to be significantly changed in <jats:italic>E. cristatum<\/jats:italic> treated mice as compared to HF fed mice. As expected, <jats:italic>E. cristatum<\/jats:italic> could increase total SCFAs levels in feces. Interestingly, <jats:italic>E. cristatum<\/jats:italic> markedly increased the proportion of <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic> to resist obesity. Functional prediction analysis indicated that <jats:italic>E. cristatum<\/jats:italic> changed lipid and energy metabolism. Furthermore, <jats:italic>E. cristatum<\/jats:italic> ingestion can modulate hepatic acetyl\u2010coa carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol\u2010regulatory element binding protein\u20101 (SREBP\u20101) and adipose uncoupling protein\u20101 (UCP\u20101) expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conclusively, these findings suggest that <jats:italic>E. cristatum<\/jats:italic> can prevent the HF\u2010induced lipid accumulation and other complications by modulating gut microbiota, lipid and energy metabolism. \u00a9 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T23:53:15Z","timestamp":1654991595000},"page":"7039-7051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>Eurotium cristatum<\/i> reduces obesity by alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis and modulating lipid and energy metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9739-7611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daoyuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an 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