{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T06:23:32Z","timestamp":1770791012139,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies have found that the addition of plant essential oils to feed had a positive effect on intestinal microflora and immunity in mice. However, the effect of different ways of ingestion of orange essential oil on mice has seldom been reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ingestion of orange essential oil by gavage, sniffing and feeding on intestinal microflora and immunity in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results obtained showed that a low concentration of essential oil feeding significantly increased the spleen index of mice (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The effect of different ways of ingestion on the thymus index, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M of mice was not significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). High and medium concentrations of essential oil feeding increased the level of interleukin\u20102 in mice (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010ATPase activity was significantly increased in mice fed with gavage and different concentrations of essential oil feed compared to the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The analysis of the results of the microflora in the cecum and colon of mice indicated that the medium concentration of essential oil feeding group and the sniffing group significantly changed the structure of the flora and increased the diversity of the intestinal microflora. All three essential oil ingestion methods increased the abundance of <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> in the intestine of mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with gavage and feeding, sniffing had a significant effect on immunoglobulins in mice. All the three ingestion methods could affect the intestinal microflora of mice and increase the abundance of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T10:42:59Z","timestamp":1658918579000},"page":"380-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of different ways of ingesting orange essential oil on blood immune index and intestinal microflora in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Sha\u2010Sha","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan 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