{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:49:48Z","timestamp":1791575388243,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFD0901105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFD0901105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Iron\u2010deficiency anemia is one severe micronutrient malnutrition and has captured worldwide attention. This study evaluated the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> iron absorption of two iron\u2010binding proteins (hemoglobin and ferritin) from <jats:italic>Tegillarca granosa<\/jats:italic>. In addition, the protein structure\u2013iron absorption relationship and the regulatory effect of hepcidin on cellular iron absorption were explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings revealed that both hemoglobin and ferritin extracted from <jats:italic>T.\u00a0granosa<\/jats:italic> contained abundant iron\u2010binding sites, as evidenced by stronger peaks in amide\u2009I and II regions compared with the two proteins from humans. Less <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010sheet (27.67%) structures were found in hemoglobin compared with ferritin (36.40%), probably contributing to its greater digestibility and more release of available iron. This was confirmed by the results of Caco\u20102\/HepG2 cell culture system that showed iron absorption of hemoglobin was 26.10\u201339.31% higher than that of ferritin with an iron content of 50\u2013150\u2009\u03bcmol\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. This high iron absorption of hemoglobin (117.86\u2013174.10\u00a0ng\u2009mg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) could also be due to more hepcidin produced by HepG2 cells, thereby preventing ferroportin\u2010mediated iron efflux from Caco\u20102 cells. In addition, the possible risk of oxidative stress was evaluated in cells post\u2010iron exposure. In comparison with ferrous sulfate, a common iron supplement, Caco\u20102 cells treated with the iron\u2010binding proteins had a 9.50\u201325.73% lower level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, indicating the safety of hemoglobin and ferritin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collectively, the data of this research would be helpful for understanding the key features and potential of developing hemoglobin and ferritin from <jats:italic>T.\u00a0granosa<\/jats:italic> as novel iron supplements. \u00a9 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]],"date-time":"2022-09-04T08:43:40Z","timestamp":1662281020000},"page":"891-899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Absorption of iron from <scp><i>Tegillarca granosa<\/i><\/scp> using an <i>in vitro<\/i> simulated digestion and <scp>Caco<\/scp>\u20102\/<scp>HepG2<\/scp> co\u2010culture system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8055-8933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bolun","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panxue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University  Ningbo China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province Ningbo University  Ningbo 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