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Bile acids (BA), an important end\u2010product of cholesterol catabolism, participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the effect of LTA on lipid metabolism and the mechanism by which it regulates BA metabolism and gut microbiota. Male BALB\/c mice were treated with LTA for 28\u2009days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Daily LTA doses of 100 and 300\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00a0d<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> altered the gut microbiota in mice, predominantly by decreasing <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus, Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Enterorhabdus<\/jats:italic> microbes associated with bile\u2010salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, thereby decreasing the activity of BSH and increasing the levels of ileum conjugated BA (such as glycocholic acid (GCA) and lithocholic acid), thereby inhibiting the intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)\u2010fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling pathway. Inhibition of FXR\u2010FGF15 signaling was accompanied by upregulation of cholesterol 7\u03b1\u2010hydroxylase (CYP7A1) mRNA and protein expression and increased hepatic production of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, GCA, glycine cholic acid and glycine ursodeoxycholic acid. Meanwhile, increasing hepatic unconjugated BA upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of liver 3\u2010hydroxy\u20103\u2010methylglutaryl\u2010CoA reductase and downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of stearoyl\u2010CoA desaturase\u20101, liver low\u2010density lipoprotein receptor and type B scavenger receptor. Therefore, the serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides decreased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that LTA regulates lipid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota and BA metabolism via the FXR\u2010FGF15\u2010CYP7A1 pathway. \u00a9 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T14:34:26Z","timestamp":1662820466000},"page":"1283-1293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["<scp>L\u2010Theanine<\/scp> regulates lipid metabolism by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8264-8561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry 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