{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:27:30Z","timestamp":1784903250017,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probiotics comprise effective feed additives that can replace antibiotics in animal livestock production. However, mono\u2010strain probiotics appear less effective because of their instability. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate dietary supplementation with compound probiotics (CPP) on growth performance, diarrhea rate and intestinal mucosal barrier, as well as the possible molecular mechanism, in chicks. In total, 360 1\u2010day\u2010old chicks of the Hy\u2010Line Brown Chicks were randomly divided into the control group (CON, basal diet), chlortetracycline group (500\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> CTC) and compound probiotics group (1000\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> CPP, consisting of <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacillus licheniformis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic> and yeast). The experiment period was 56\u2009days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that, in comparison with the CON group, CPP significantly increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of chicks and reduced diarrhea (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The probiotic group exhibited increased immune organ (i.e. spleen and thymus) mass and increased levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM and IgG (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared to the CTC group. In addition, the jejunal mass and morphology were improved in the probiotic group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, CPP reinforced jejunal barrier function, as indicated by increased transepithelial electrical resistance, protein expression of occludin and claudin\u20101, and diamine oxidase levels in the jejunum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Likewise, enhanced fluorescence signals of proliferating cell nuclear antigen\u2010labeled mitotic cells and villin\u2010labeled absorptive cells in the jejunum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) suggested that CPP promoted intestinal stem cells activity. Mechanistically, the Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signaling pathway, including \u03b2\u2010catenin, TCF4, c\u2010Myc, cyclin D1 and Lgr5, was amplified in the jejunum by CPP addition (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with CPP reinforced the jejunal epithelial integrity by activating Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signaling and enhanced immune function in chicks. \u00a9 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T14:00:00Z","timestamp":1679061600000},"page":"4649-4659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Dietary supplementation with probiotics increases growth performance, improves the intestinal mucosal barrier and activates the Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin pathway activity in chicks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Di\u2010qing","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University\/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control\/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture\/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu\u2010jin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University\/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control\/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture\/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University\/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control\/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture\/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu\u2010qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University\/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control\/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture\/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui\u2010chao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University\/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control\/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture\/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9119-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun\u2010qi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University\/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control\/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture\/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155300"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.833790"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00251-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Icmr\u2010dbt guidelines for evaluation of probiotics in food","volume":"134","author":"Indian Council of Medical Research Task F","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-018-0250-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9478630"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9102027"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","article-title":"A review of the effects and production of spore\u2010forming probiotics for poultry","volume":"11","author":"Popov IV","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"The promises and risks of probiotic bacillus species","volume":"65","author":"Jezewska\u2010Frackowiak J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2018.1464117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10040726"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906112107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2011.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0278-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b04442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1734423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox2040326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-019-0096-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.955115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5498514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2017.1354354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2021.1888069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2021.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1223-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-019-09532-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO02327A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2011.01155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-013-0055-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00770F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2017.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316906"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2016.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0171-9335-00366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.123.6.1777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218446110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(80)90550-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00005.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00990-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2018.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13917"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900655"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsfa.12562","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsfa.12562","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T12:55:11Z","timestamp":1760878511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jsfa.12562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jsfa.12562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.12562","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5142","1097-0010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5142","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0010","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}