{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T19:03:48Z","timestamp":1785179028231,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Bacillus licheniformis<\/jats:italic> is a gram\u2010positive bacterium that has strong environmental adaptability and can improve the growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant function of broilers. The current study aimed to elucidate the protective capability of <jats:italic>B. licheniformis<\/jats:italic> against inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in broilers with necrotic enteritis (NE) induced by <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>CP<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that <jats:italic>B. licheniformis<\/jats:italic> enhanced the final body weight in broilers compared with that of broilers in the <jats:italic>CP<\/jats:italic> group after the stress of infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). <jats:italic>Bacillus licheniformis<\/jats:italic> reversed the decreased levels of serum and jejunum mucosa immunoglobulins and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines, reduced the values of villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and mitigated the increased levels of serum <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactic acid and diamine oxidase in <jats:italic>CP<\/jats:italic>\u2010challenged broilers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, <jats:italic>B. licheniformis<\/jats:italic> modulated the expression levels of genes involved in the TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB signalling pathway, the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway, and the sirt 1\/Parkin signalling pathway in <jats:italic>CP<\/jats:italic>\u2010challenged broilers. Compared with the <jats:italic>CP<\/jats:italic> challenge group, the <jats:italic>B. licheniformis<\/jats:italic>\u2010treated group exhibited reduced abundance values of <jats:italic>Shuttleworthia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic> and enhanced abundance values of <jats:italic>Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic> in the caecal contents (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Bacillus licheniformis<\/jats:italic> improved the final body weight and alleviated the inflammatory response and intestinal barrier function damage in birds with NE induced by <jats:italic>CP<\/jats:italic> by maintaining intestinal physiological function, enhancing immunity, regulating inflammatory cytokine secretion, modulating the mitophagy response, and increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal flora. \u00a9 2023 Society of Chemical 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