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Qushi decoction (QD), a traditional formula, has not been reported using modern scientific research methods for changes in its probiotic fermented QD (FQD) composition and its potential mechanisms to alleviate SDS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the splenic protection of FQD in SDS rats by modulating gastrointestinal motility hormones and intestinal microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that FQD increased total polysaccharides, total protein, total flavonoids and the other active ingredients compared to QD, effectively improved splenic inflammation and apoptosis in SDS rats, and modulated gastrointestinal motility hormones to alleviate diarrhea and other symptoms. In addition, the dysregulation of the gut microbiota was reversed by increasing the levels of <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> and decreasing the levels of <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> and Proteobacteria, which may be related to the regulation of bacterial metabolites to alleviate SDS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that FQD is an effective formula for improving SDS. Our findings show that FQD beneficial to the implications for the treatment of SDS. \u00a9 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T03:45:37Z","timestamp":1689219937000},"page":"7702-7711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Probiotic\u2010fermented Qushi decoction alleviates reserpine\u2010induced spleen deficiency syndrome by regulating spleen function and gut microbiota dysbiosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Wenshen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luwei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4769-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_126_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Shengmai yin formula modulates the gut microbiota of spleen\u2010deficiency rats","volume":"15","author":"You Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"CHIN MED\u2010UK"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA27730F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"2751","article-title":"Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice): a comprehensive review on its phytochemistry, biological activities, clinical evidence and toxicology","volume":"10","author":"Wahab S","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plan Theory"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153790"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.116088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-2030-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.583160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153875"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2019.104422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO00892G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","article-title":"Genomic characterization and probiotic potency of bacillus sp. 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