{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T16:10:27Z","timestamp":1779207027291,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>, the main pathogen associated with tooth decay, forms cariogenic biofilms on tooth surfaces. Therefore, controlling oral biofilm helps prevent dental caries. Hen's egg is a nutrient\u2010dense food, and egg white is a good source of protein. Ovomucoid is one of the major proteins in egg white, with a 28\u2009kDa molecular weight. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of ovomucoid on the biofilm formation of <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> by suppressing virulence factors, including bacterial adherence, cellular aggregation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Crystal violet staining showed that biofilm formation by <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> was inhibited by ovomucoid at 0.25\u20131\u2009mg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> levels. Field emission scanning electron microscopy also confirmed this inhibition. In addition, ovomucoid reduced mature biofilm, water\u2010insoluble EPS synthesis and the metabolic activity of bacterial cells in the biofilm. The bacterial adhesion and aggregation abilities of <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> were also decreased in the presence of ovomucoid. Ovomucoid downregulated the expression of <jats:italic>comDE<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>vicR<\/jats:italic> genes involved in the two\u2010component signal transduction system and <jats:italic>gtfA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ftf<\/jats:italic> genes involved in EPS production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ovomucoid has the potential for use as an anti\u2010biofilm agent for dental caries treatment because of its inhibitory effects on the virulence factors of <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T09:39:51Z","timestamp":1691573991000},"page":"141-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The inhibitory effect of ovomucoid from egg white on biofilm formation by <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Ji\u2010Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee Yeon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Food Processing Korea Food Research Institute  Wanju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9523-7630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Uk","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kee\u2010Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center WithBio Inc.  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