{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:31:38Z","timestamp":1789569098004,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lipids and carbohydrates perform essential functions in foods. In recent decades, food scientists have studied the effects of carbohydrate\u2010lipid interactions on the functional properties of food. However, the ways in which carbohydrate\u2010lipid complex\u2010derived materials affect the biological system are unknown. In this study, a myristic acid\u2010potato starch complex was created using a simple cooking approach. The complex was employed as a precursor for the fabrication of myristic acid\u2013potato starch complex\u2010based nanostructured materials (MPS\u2010NMs) through a liquid\u2013liquid extraction approach. A study was conducted on the structural and cytotoxic features of the fabricated MPS\u2010NMs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the formation of spherical nanostructures, 3\u201360\u2009nm in size. After 24\u2009h exposure, the chloroform fraction\u2010based and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010hexane fraction\u2010based <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPS\u2010NMs<\/jats:styled-content> increased cell death by ~90% and\u2009~\u200982%, respectively. Chloroform fraction\u2010based <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPS\u2010NMs<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMPS\u2010NMs<\/jats:styled-content>) triggers apoptotic cell death in human mesenchymal stem cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hMSCs<\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010Hexane fraction\u2010based <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPS\u2010NMs<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMPS\u2010NMs<\/jats:styled-content>) treated cells have red color\u2010intact nuclei, attributed to necrotic cell death. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMPS\u2010NMs<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMPS\u2010NMs<\/jats:styled-content> significantly decreased the mitochondria membrane potential and increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS)<\/jats:styled-content> levels. We observed significant downregulation in flavin\u2010containing monooxygenase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMO)<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM),<\/jats:styled-content> and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UGT)<\/jats:styled-content> gene expression levels in the exposed cells of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMPS\u2010NMs<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMs<\/jats:styled-content>. In addition, we found upregulation of glutathione\u2010disulfide reductase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSR)<\/jats:styled-content> and glutathione S\u2010transferase A4 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSTA4)<\/jats:styled-content> genes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMPS\u2010NMs,<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMs<\/jats:styled-content> exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cooking process may lead to the formation of nanostructured material in food systems. Chloroform fraction\u2010based <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPS\u2010NMs<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMPS\u2010NMs<\/jats:styled-content> may contribute to cell metabolic disorders. \u00a9 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T01:10:45Z","timestamp":1698109845000},"page":"1813-1823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fabrication of myristic acid\u2013potato starch complex nanostructures and assessment of their cytotoxic behavior"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Mushawah Abdullah","family":"Almushawah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud 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