{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T19:05:49Z","timestamp":1783191949552,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006191","name":"Eski\u015fehir Osmangazi \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201611D08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201611D08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stress\u2010related diseases are on the rise and stress is one of the common factors that lead to ulcer. Stress\u2010induced mucosal bleeding is a serious complication observed in many critically ill patients. Due to the harmful side effects of proton pump inhibitors, natural and active alternative treatment methods for peptic ulcer treatment that are safe in terms of side effects are an urgent need for human health. We aimed to investigate the dose\u2010dependent protective effects of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> GG (LGG) against stress ulcer induced by cold restraint stress in rats. This study was performed in a total of 42 rats, in control group (C), stress group (S), pantoprazole (20\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) group (P), LGG (3\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\u2009cfu\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>)\u2009+\u2009stress group (M1), LGG (15\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>)\u2009+\u2009stress group (M5) and LGG (30\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>)\u2009+\u2009stress group (M10) (each <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097). Ulceration areas (mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) were determined quantitatively with ImageJ software. Glucocorticoid, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined by ELISA and malondialdehyde levels were determined by spectrophotometric measurement. Histopathological examinations were performed in gastric tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therapeutic dose of LGG increased CAT, SOD and GPx levels; prevented excessive activation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis; reduced ulceration and bleeding in the gastric mucosal layer; and provided stabilization of mast cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We can suggest that LGG may be beneficial for reducing the negative effects of stress on the body, for protecting against ulcer disease and for reducing or preventing the risk of stress\u2010induced gastrointestinal bleeding in patients staying in intensive care units. \u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T08:17:41Z","timestamp":1718007461000},"page":"8109-8119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dose\u2010dependent protective effects of <scp><i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/i> GG<\/scp> against stress\u2010induced ulcer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1116-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musab","family":"I\u015f\u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Sakarya University, Medical Faculty  Sakarya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cansu","family":"\u00d6zbayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty Kutahya Health Sciences University  Kutahya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilek Buruko\u011flu","family":"D\u00f6nmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty Eskisehir Osmangazi University  Eskisehir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevser","family":"Erol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Bahcesehir University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ertu\u011frul","family":"\u00c7olak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty Eskisehir Osmangazi University  Eskisehir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Cengiz","family":"\u00dcst\u00fcner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty Eskisehir Osmangazi University  Eskisehir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130rfan","family":"De\u011firmenci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty Eskisehir Osmangazi University  Eskisehir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.86386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Peptic ulcer disease","volume":"76","author":"Ramakrishnan K","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"2833","article-title":"Anti\u2010gastric ulcer mechanism of Anredera scandens (L.) 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