{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T01:44:55Z","timestamp":1794275095553,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic fatty liver, posing substantial health risks.\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010Theanine (LTA) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in tea exert antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. However, the combined effects of LTA and EGCG on rats with alcoholic fatty liver, and the underlying mechanisms of such effects, remain unclear. In this study, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed with alcohol for 6\u2009weeks to induce alcoholic fatty liver. Subsequently, for another 6\u2009weeks, the rats were administered LTA (200\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009day\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), EGCG (200\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009day\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), or a combination of LTA with EGCG (40\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009day\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010Thea +160\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009day\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      EGCG), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The combined use of LTA and EGCG for alcoholic fatty liver disease had more significant effects than their individual administration. This combination reduced the activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as the levels of hepatic triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rats. The combined intervention also increased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activity. Reductions in hepatic fat accumulation and inflammatory responses were observed. The mechanism underlying these effects primarily involved the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and the alleviation of lipid peroxidation through the downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of\n                      <jats:italic>TNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010\u03b1,\n                      <jats:italic>SREBP1c<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>CYP2E1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the upregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of\n                      <jats:italic>ADH1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>ALDH2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Lipin\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>PPAR\u03b1PPAR\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>AMPK<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>PGC\u20101\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , thereby promoting the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids and reducing the synthesis of cholesterol and glucose.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010Theanine and EGCG appear to be able to alleviate alcoholic fatty liver by modulating lipid metabolism and ameliorating oxidative stress, indicating their potential as natural active ingredients in anti\u2010alcoholic fatty liver food products. \u00a9 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T06:36:48Z","timestamp":1718347008000},"page":"8230-8239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of\n                    <scp>l<\/scp>\n                    \u2010theanine and epigallocatechin gallate combined intervention in alcoholic fatty liver rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Kai\u2010Hang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education Hunan Agricultural University  Changsha China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Hunan Agricultural University  Changsha 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University  Changsha China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Hunan Agricultural University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin\u2010Hua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education Hunan Agricultural University  Changsha China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Hunan Agricultural University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6258-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Jun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education Hunan Agricultural University  Changsha China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional 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