{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T03:04:39Z","timestamp":1789873479355,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hypertension is a chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality. Previously, we screened a walnut meal peptide FDWLR (PEP) with significant angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitory activity. The present study further investigated the anti\u2010hypertensive effects of PEP\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      using spontaneously hypertensive rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results indicated that PEP reduced blood pressure and the indices in the renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system (RAAS) including angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) (decreased by 15.36%), angiotensin II (Ang II) (decreased by 31.56%), angiotensinogen (AGT) (decreased by 58.84%) and aldosterone (ALD) (decreased by 18.27%), whereas NO levels increased by 54.96%. The pathological analysis showed that PEP relieved cardiac and renal damage. PEP also alleviated oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the heart and kidney. Mechanistically, PEP mitigated cardiac and renal damage by simultaneously regulating ACE\u2010Ang II\u2010AT1R and the ACE2\u2010Ang (1\u20137)\u2010MAS axis. Additionally, PEP increased the levels of short chain fatty acids by 224.16% and improved gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Phascolarctobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridium_sensu_stricto<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , at the same time as decreasing\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundances.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study indicated that PEP prevented hypertension and associated heart and kidney damage by modulating the RAAS system and gut microbiota, which is valuable in guiding future development and optimal utilization of walnut meal. \u00a9 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T05:16:08Z","timestamp":1726636568000},"page":"1170-1184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Walnut peptide relieves hypertension and associated kidney and heart injury by regulating the renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system and intestinal microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Shupeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology  Kunming 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