{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:40:19Z","timestamp":1791841219349,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Epimedium<\/jats:italic> polysaccharide (EPS) is a bioactive compound derived from the traditional Chinese herb <jats:italic>Epimedium brevicornum<\/jats:italic>. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of EPS on ulcerative colitis (UC) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings showed that EPS treatment mitigated UC symptoms, including weight loss, anal bleeding, elevated disease activity index (DAI), and colon shortening. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and Alcian blue\u2013periodic acid\u2013Schiff (AB\u2010PAS) staining demonstrated that EPS alleviated histopathological damage and improved the integrity of the colonic mucosa. Mechanistically, EPS was found to substantially decrease inflammation by inhibiting the Toll\u2010like receptor 4\/nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB (TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB) signaling pathway and to alleviate oxidative stress through modulation of the Kelch\u2010like ECH\u2010associated protein 1\/nuclear factor erythroid\u2010derived 2\u2010like 2 (Keap1\/Nrf2) pathway. Notably, EPS failed to exert protective effects against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)\u2010induced UC in Nrf2\u2010knockout (Nrf2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) mice. Additionally, Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that EPS facilitated autophagy via the adenosine monophosphate\u2010dependent protein kinase\/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK\/mTOR) pathway. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments revealed that EPS effectively suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010mediated cellular damage and oxidative stress by regulating Keap1\/Nrf2 pathway. Transcriptomic analysis of LPS\u2010treated Caco\u20102 cells following EPS treatment revealed a significant up\u2010regulation of Nrf2 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that EPS exerts protective effects against DSS\u2010induced UC through the inhibition of the TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway, regulation of the Keap1\/Nrf2 pathway, and promotion of autophagy via the AMPK\/mTOR pathway. Consequently, EPS may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of UC. \u00a9 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.14037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T05:33:25Z","timestamp":1731562405000},"page":"2655-2670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<i>Epimedium<\/i> polysaccharides ameliorate ulcerative colitis by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating autophagy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Linxian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal, and Anal Surgery China\u2010Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University  Changchun China"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery The Second Hospital of Jilin University  Changchun 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