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There have been various reviews on the composition of chestnut fruits but there has not been a comprehensive review of the different health benefits that this fruit can provide. This review is focused on the composition and associated health effects of European fresh chestnut (<jats:italic>Castanea sativa<\/jats:italic> Mill.) fruits and their home\u2010processed and industrial products, e.g. boiled, roasted, frozen, and \u2018marron glac\u00e9es\u2019. We also expand the knowledge of chestnut uses by presenting data for other chestnut materials that have potential applications as new foods, as sources of antioxidants, and as sources of other useful bioactives. There is considerable literature data on nutrients in fresh chestnut fruits but less information on bioactive non\u2010nutrients such as phenolics. Chestnuts are mostly consumed as processed forms, and the different types of processing clearly affect the nutrient and non\u2010nutrient composition of the fruits. The benefits that this fruit can provide for human and animal health are numerous, but it is clear that improvements can be made for both production and quality of chestnut products, e.g. genetic selection and optimizing industrial processing. Copyright \u00a9 2010 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,3]],"date-time":"2010-06-03T11:48:05Z","timestamp":1275565685000},"page":"1578-1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":214,"title":["Composition of European chestnut (<i>Castanea sativa<\/i> Mill.) and association with health effects: fresh and processed products"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Maria CBM","family":"De Vasconcelos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard N","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo AS","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge V","family":"Ferreira\u2010Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","unstructured":"FAOSTAT Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States. 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