{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:00:02Z","timestamp":1788872402374,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]],"date-time":"2011-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Technology Research and Development Program of China","award":["2007AA100407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2007AA100407"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2009ZM0204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009ZM0204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Zein, the predominant protein in corn, has been extensively studied as an alternative packaging material in edible and biodegradable films. However, films made from 100% zein are brittle under normal conditions. The aim of this investigation was to improve the film\u2010forming properties of zein by chemical phosphorylation. The surface hydrophobicity, surface microstructure and mechanical properties of films based on untreated and phosphorus oxychloride (POCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\u2010treated zein were evaluated and compared. The effect of POCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    treatment on the rheological properties of zein solutions was also studied.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    POCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    treatment, especially at pH 7 and 9, led to an increase in the apparent viscosity of zein solutions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed that the film based on POCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010treated zein at pH 7 had a stone\u2010like surface microstructure with a higher roughness (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>q<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) than the untreated zein film. The AFM data may partially account for the phenomenon that this film exhibited high surface hydrophobicity (\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). POCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    treatment diminished the tensile strength (TS) of zein films from 4.83\u20136.67 to 1.3\u20132.29 MPa. However, the elongation at break (EAB) of the films at pH 7 and 9 increased from 3.0\u20134.5% (control film) to 150.1\u2013122.7% (POCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010treated film), indicating the potential application of zein films in wrapping foods or in non\u2010food industries such as sugar, fruit or troche that need good extension packing materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The data presented suggest that the properties of zein films could be modulated by chemical phosphorylation treatment with POCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    at an appropriate pH value. Copyright \u00a9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]],"date-time":"2011-02-15T15:24:20Z","timestamp":1297783460000},"page":"1222-1229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Wettability, surface microstructure and mechanical properties of films based on phosphorus oxychloride\u2010treated 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