{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T18:08:27Z","timestamp":1769105307638,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Inflammation is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and is associated with endothelial dysfunction. <jats:italic>Monascus purpureus<\/jats:italic>\u2010fermented rice, containing naturally occurring statins and various pigments, has lipid\u2010modulating, anti\u2010inflammatory and antioxidative effects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> The effects of monacolin K, ankaflavin and monascin, as metabolites from <jats:italic>Monascus<\/jats:italic>\u2010fermented rice, on the expression of cell adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101 (ICAM\u20101), vascular cell adhesion molecular\u20101 (VCAM\u20101) and E\u2010selectin) by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1\u2010treated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were investigated. Supplement of HAECs with these <jats:italic>Monascus<\/jats:italic>\u2010fermented rice metabolites significantly suppressed cellular binding between the human monocytic cells U937 and TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010stimulated HAECs. Immunoblot analysis showed that <jats:italic>Monascus<\/jats:italic>\u2010fermented rice metabolites significantly attenuated TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010induced VCAM\u20101 and E\u2010selectin but not ICAM\u20101 protein expression. Gel shift assays showed that <jats:italic>Monascus<\/jats:italic>\u2010fermented rice metabolites treatment reduced TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010activated transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)\u2010\u03baB. Furthermore, <jats:italic>Monascus<\/jats:italic>\u2010fermented rice metabolites also attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and in TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010treated HAECs. Supplement with an ROS scavenger <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylcysteine gave similar results as compared with <jats:italic>Monascus<\/jats:italic>\u2010fermented rice metabolites.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>Monascus<\/jats:italic>\u2010fermented rice metabolites reduced TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010stimulated endothelial adhesiveness as well as downregulating intracellular ROS formation, NF\u2010\u03baB activation, and VCAM\u20101\/E\u2010selectin expression in HAECs, supporting the notion that the various metabolites from <jats:italic>Monascus<\/jats:italic>\u2010fermented rice might have potential implications in clinical atherosclerosis disease. Copyright \u00a9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T09:28:46Z","timestamp":1301304526000},"page":"1751-1758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Inhibition of endothelial adhesion molecule expression by <i>Monascus purpureus<\/i>\u2010fermented rice metabolites, monacolin K, ankaflavin, and 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