{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:49:06Z","timestamp":1786978146300,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Cynara scolymus<\/jats:italic>\n                        L. (Asteraseae) (artichoke) is commonly eaten as a vegetable; its leaves are frequently used in folk medicine in the treatment of hepatitis, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and dyspeptic disorders. The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the volatile oil and alcoholic extract of artichoke head scales. In addition, the role of the methanol extract as an anti\u2010ulcer agent against ethanol\u2010induced gastric ulcer in rats was evaluated.\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        Six flavonoids and one phenolic acid were obtained from the methanol extract. Also, 37 compounds were identified in the volatile oil, the majority including mono\u2010 and sesquiterpenes. The artichoke extracts (200 and 400 mg kg\n                        <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                        ) significantly (\n                        <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                        &lt; 0.05) reduced the ulcer index (55.33% and 72.14% inhibition). Histopathological examination of rat stomachs demonstrated that artichoke induced an increase in gastric mucus production, and a reduction of the depth and severity of mucosal lesions. Artichoke dose\u2010dependently reduced the elevated ethanol gastric malonylaldehyde, and reduced glutathione levels and catalase activity. These results suggest that the head scales of artichoke possess potential anti\u2010ulcer activity.\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        The present paper describes the identification of volatile oil for the first time along with the isolation and identification of the constituents of the methanol extract. Moreover, the high anti\u2010ulcerogenic potential of scales of\n                        <jats:italic>C. scolymus<\/jats:italic>\n                        heads was established here for the first time. \u00a9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T10:52:17Z","timestamp":1359024737000},"page":"2494-2501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Chemical constituents and anti\u2010ulcerogenic potential of the scales of\n                    <i>Cynara scolymus<\/i>\n                    (artichoke) heads"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud I","family":"Nassar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry National Research Centre  Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahia K","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry National Research Centre  Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelsamed I","family":"Elshamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry National Research Centre  Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayed A","family":"El\u2010Toumy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Tannins Department National Research Centre  Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azza M Abdel","family":"Lateef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Enzymes and Proteins National Research Centre  Dokki 12622 Cairo 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