{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:26:57Z","timestamp":1791815217232,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]],"date-time":"2013-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>A vegetarian diet generally includes plenty of vegetables and fruits, which are rich in phytochemicals, antioxidants, fiber, magnesium, vitamins C and E, Fe<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>, folic acid and n\u20106 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and is low in cholesterol, total fat and saturated fatty acid, sodium, Fe<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, zinc, vitamin A, B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and D, and especially n\u20103 PUFA. Mortality from all\u2010cause, ischemic heart disease, and circulatory and cerebrovascular diseases was significantly lower in vegetarians than in omnivorous populations. Compared with omnivores, the incidence of cancer and type 2 diabetes was also significantly lower in vegetarians. However, vegetarians have a number of increased risk factors for non\u2010communicable diseases such as increased plasma homocysteine, mean platelet volume and platelet aggregability compared with omnivores, which are associated with low intake of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and n\u20103 PUFA. Based on the present data, it would seem appropriate for vegetarians to carefully design their diet, specifically focusing on increasing their intake of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and n\u20103 PUFA to further reduce already low mortality and morbidity from non\u2010communicable diseases. \u00a9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,21]],"date-time":"2013-08-21T13:38:41Z","timestamp":1377092321000},"page":"169-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Effect of the vegetarian diet on non\u2010communicable diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Duo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61853-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011","journal-title":"Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011","journal-title":"Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles 2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf103846u"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Serum concentration of biochemical bone turnover markers in vegetarian children","volume":"52","author":"Ambroszkiewicz J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010002454"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.26736X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337301"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN19980006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.3.516s"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.3.532s"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.044073"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600817"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600874"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.1.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451200520X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451200356X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-006-5074-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(00)00313-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-002-0977-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197905173002006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(92)90063-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605098"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-1060"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601441"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10300"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23141"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1886"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and vegetarian status among Seventh\u2010Day Adventists in Barbados: preliminary results","volume":"13","author":"Brathwaite N","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000121365"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v5n1p65","article-title":"The effect of lifestyle food on chronic diseases: a comparison between vegetarians and non\u2010vegetarians in Jordan","volume":"5","author":"Alrabadi NI","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob J Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533611436173"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20051588"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-005-0563-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0606"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjsfa.6362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjsfa.6362","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsfa.6362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:00:47Z","timestamp":1760871647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jsfa.6362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jsfa.6362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.6362","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5142","1097-0010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5142","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0010","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-02-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-08-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}