{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T23:53:59Z","timestamp":1773446039960,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Leaves of artichoke (<jats:italic>Cynara cardunculus<\/jats:italic> L. subsp. <jats:italic>scolymus<\/jats:italic> (L.) Hegi) and cardoon (<jats:italic>Cynara cardunculus<\/jats:italic> L. var. <jats:italic>altilis<\/jats:italic> DC) are traditionally used as herbal medicine. Moderate salt stress could enhance antioxidant activity and phytochemicals in leaves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chloride salts (NaCl, KCl and CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) on biomass production, mineral composition, phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in leaves of artichoke and cardoon grown in a floating system<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>In both crops, NaCl and KCl treatments reduced biomass production, while similar values were recorded in CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and control treatments. In both crops, KCl treatment enhanced total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity and target polyphenols in leaves harvested at 48, 82 and 105 days after sowing (DAS), while leaf quality was improved by NaCl and CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> treatments only at 82 and 105 DAS. Irrespective of salinity, leaves of cardoon had higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity and target polyphenols than those of artichoke<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>The results showed that application of KCl can be considered an effective way to produce high\u2010quality leaves of artichoke and cardoon during the whole cropping cycle, although resulting in a 30% reduction in plant biomass. \u00a9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T10:33:26Z","timestamp":1381228406000},"page":"1231-1237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Salinity source\u2010induced changes in yield, mineral composition, phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves of artichoke and cardoon grown in floating system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Borgognone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy University of Tuscia Via San Camillo De Lellis snc I\u201001100 Viterbo Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariateresa","family":"Cardarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per lo studio delle relazioni tra pianta e suolo I\u201000184 Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per lo studio delle relazioni tra pianta e suolo I\u201000184 Roma 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