{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:29:57Z","timestamp":1790983797989,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood orange peels represent an underutilized source of high\u2010value flavonoids with broad bioactivities. Traditional single\u2010extraction techniques for citrus flavonoids suffer from low efficiency due to polarity limitations, significantly restricting their industrial\u2010scale development and application. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop green and efficient extraction processes to improve both the coverage and yield of citrus flavonoids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study developed a two\u2010step combined extraction process to obtain flavonoids from blood orange peels: supercritical CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      extraction (SCE) followed by residue ethanol extraction (REE). Response surface methodology with Box\u2013Behnken design was employed to optimize key process parameters for maximizing extraction efficiency. Compared to traditional solvent extraction, this process exhibited the following advantages: (1) qualitative analysis by ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2013quadrupole\u2013Orbitrap high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry identified seven additional flavonoids in the two\u2010step extract, revealing that SCE was primarily composed of low\u2010polarity flavonoids, and REE was primarily composed of high\u2010polarity flavonoids; (2) quantitative analysis by HPLC demonstrated that the two\u2010step extraction significantly enhanced flavonoid content, with total flavonoids increasing by 11.75% and polymethoxyflavones rising by 19.55%; (3) antioxidant and antimicrobial analyses revealed the potent antioxidant capacity of REE extracts and the superior antimicrobial activity of SCE extracts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study innovatively developed a two\u2010step combined extraction process for efficient stepwise enrichment of flavonoids with varying polarities from blood orange peel, significantly increasing the content of total flavonoids and polymethoxyflavones. For the first time, it elucidated the polarity complementarity between low\u2010polarity SCE and high\u2010polarity REE extracts, providing a novel strategy for polarity\u2010targeted flavonoid utilization. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T04:32:14Z","timestamp":1757392334000},"page":"8958-8971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimization of flavonoid extraction from\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Tarocco<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    orange (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Citrus sinensis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    [L.] Osbeck) peel using supercritical\n                    <scp>\n                      CO\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    followed by ethanol: chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Jielin","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center Guangdong University of Technology  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaokun","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center Guangdong University of Technology  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering 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