{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T18:46:18Z","timestamp":1785005178072,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Cyclophosphamide (\n CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), a widely utilized alkylating agent in cancer chemotherapy, is known to exert potent antitumor effects. However, it often induces severe adverse effects, including immunosuppression and intestinal mucosal injury. Mung bean (\n Vigna radiata<\/jats:italic>\n L.), a legume rich in flavonoid compounds, has potential immunomodulatory properties. This study sought to explore the protective roles of mung bean ethanolic extract (\n MBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) against\n CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced immunosuppression and intestinal damage, emphasizing the alteration of gut microbiota and underlying molecular mechanisms. In this research, a murine model with immunosuppression induced by\n CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n was utilized. Immune function was evaluated through the examination of spleen and thymus indices, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine levels. Additionally, flow cytometry was employed to analyze\n CD4<\/jats:styled-content>\n +<\/jats:sup>\n and\n CD8<\/jats:styled-content>\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cell subsets, while splenic histopathology was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The integrity of the intestinal barrier was investigated through periodic acid\u2013Schiff and H&E staining, complemented by reverse transcription\u2013quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting to quantify the expression levels of colonic tight junction proteins. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using\n 16S rRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n sequencing. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis was performed to explore potential interactions between\n MBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n bioactive components and\n LuxS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , a key quorum\u2010sensing enzyme implicated in probiotic viability.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Administration of\n MBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n notably reduced weight loss induced by\n CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n , reinstated indices of the spleen and thymus, enhanced the proliferation of both T and B lymphocytes, stimulated cytokine expression, upregulated the\n CD4<\/jats:styled-content>\n +<\/jats:sup>\n \/\n CD8<\/jats:styled-content>\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cell ratio, and improved splenic histopathological architecture.\n MBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n successfully reduced damage to the intestinal mucosa by enhancing the expression of essential tight junction proteins, thereby reinforcing intestinal barrier integrity.\n MBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n also elevated the intestinal levels of cytokines, probably through activation of the\n MAPK<\/jats:styled-content>\n signaling pathway. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis demonstrated that\n MBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n restored the ratio of Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes, reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacterial taxa and significantly enriched\n Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n , a beneficial probiotic species. Molecular docking analysis identified trigonelline and procyanidin\n B2<\/jats:styled-content>\n , two bioactive components of\n MBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , as potent inhibitors of\n LuxS<\/jats:styled-content>\n . This inhibition likely contributed to the enhanced viability of\n L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n Our findings highlight the multifaceted protective benefits of\n MBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n in counteracting\n CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced immune suppression and intestinal damage. We found that\n MBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n exerts prebiotic effects by restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing probiotic activity likely via quorum sensing modulation. These findings highlight its potential as a dietary supplement to synergize with probiotics for gut\u2013immune health during chemotherapy. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T09:15:37Z","timestamp":1761297337000},"page":"1486-1503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The ethanol extract derived from mung bean reduced immune suppression, intestinal injury, and disruptions in gut microbiota caused by cyclophosphamide in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6684-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sijing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical Technology Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu PR China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of 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