{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T18:28:17Z","timestamp":1788805697879,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Sphallerocarpus gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (SG) is a medicinal and edible plant in China with high nutritional value. In the present study, the synergistic effect of crude\n                      <jats:italic>Sphallerocarpus gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      polysaccharides (CSGP) and specific probiotics on the intestinal flora and its immune\u2010related metabolites in rats was investigated. Probiotic fermented milk supplemented with 5\u201315\u2009g\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      CSGP (YSGP) was prepared. Following a 60\u2010day feeding experiment conducted on Wistar rats, the levels of inflammatory factors in the serum were measured, and the contents of intestinal metabolites, including short\u2010chain fatty acids, indole, 3\u2010methylindole and hydrogen sulfide, were assessed. Additionally, the changes in the fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA high\u2010throughput sequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results demonstrated that YSGP containing \u226510\u2009g\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      CSGP significantly modulated the intestinal flora by increasing the relative abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Erysipelotrichaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Turiubacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      , at the same time as reducing the relative abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Dorea<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The levels of short\u2010chain fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid and valeric acid), indole derivatives and serum cytokines [tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, interleukin (IL)\u20106, IL\u20108 and IL\u20101\u03b2] in rats were also enhanced after YSGP consumption (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations between CSGP, beneficial microbial abundance, intestinal metabolites and cytokine levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate the prebiotic capacity of CSGP to synergize with probiotics in regulating intestinal microecology and immunity, highlighting its potential application in functional fermented dairy products. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:19:22Z","timestamp":1761664762000},"page":"1552-1566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Synergistic regulation of crude\n                    <scp>\n               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