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Along with limited treatment success, severe side effects of synthetic drugs are a major concern. Therefore, natural bioactive compounds are gaining attention as alternative therapeutic agents due to their efficacy and lower toxicity. This study investigated the protective and therapeutic potential of extracts of different parts of\n                      <jats:italic>Onosma rostellatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a plant used in traditional medicine, in terms of their antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anticancer activities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, anticancer activities and phenolic composition of the extracts were evaluated. Methanol leaf extract showed the strongest activity in antioxidant assays, with the highest 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (46.59\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03\u2009g Trolox equivalents (TE)\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (90.74\u2009\u00b1\u20090.59\u2009g TE kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) activities, while the root methanol extract exhibited the strongest 2,2\u2032\u2010azino\u2010bis(3\u2010ethylbenzothiazoline\u20106\u2010sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity (453.86\u2009\u00b1\u20092.20\u2009g TE kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and the highest cupric reducing antioxidant capacity value (243.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.49\u2009g TE kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). The aqueous leaf extract demonstrated superior metal\u2010chelating ability (32.59\u2009\u00b1\u20090.13\u2009g ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Leaf extracts displayed the highest copper ion reducing capacity (94.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.23\u2009g TE kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Ethyl acetate leaf extracts showed the most significant inhibition against \u03b1\u2010amylase and \u03b1\u2010glucosidase. High\u2010performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed rosmarinic acid and quercetin as major phenolic constituents. In cell culture experiments, the ethyl acetate leaf extract demonstrated the most potent anticancer effect, with an IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      value of 167.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.32\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      after 72\u2009h.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Onosma rostellatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      extracts possess strong antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anticancer activities, largely associated with their phenolic components. These findings highlight the potential of this plant as a natural source of therapeutic agents. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T10:11:29Z","timestamp":1762164689000},"page":"1662-1673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comprehensive evaluation of\n                    <i>Onosma rostellatum<\/i>\n                    : antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anticancer properties of root and leaf extracts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1285-659X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130smail","family":"\u015een","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aksaray University  Aksaray 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