{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:34:43Z","timestamp":1790508883346,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"Spanish National Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ICT268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ICT268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases, largely driven by hypertension, remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Angiotensin\u2010I\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition is a well\u2010established therapeutic approach; however, synthetic inhibitors are frequently associated with adverse effects. Natural bioactive compounds, particularly those derived from olives, have been proposed as potential alternatives or complementary agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study evaluated the ACE\u2010inhibitory potential of olive\u2010derived triterpenic acids (oleanolic acid (OA) and maslinic acid (MA)) and phenolic compounds (hydroxytyrosol (HT), 3,4\u2010dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), verbascoside (VER), luteolin (LUT), and comselogoside (COM)). Among the individual compounds, OA (half\u2010maximal inhibitory concentration (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      )\u2009=\u200918.43\u2009\u03bcmol L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and MA (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200925.66\u2009\u03bcmol L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) exhibited the strongest ACE inhibition, acting through different mechanisms: OA as a competitive, MA as an uncompetitive, and COM as a non\u2010competitive inhibitor. Notably, certain binary combinations revealed notable interactions, particularly HT:COM, which displayed strong synergistic inhibition at concentrations where individual components were inactive. In contrast, combinations such as COM:MA and COM:LUT demonstrated additive or antagonistic effects depending on molar ratios and concentration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings highlight the potential of individual olive\u2010derived compounds, especially OA and MA, as natural ACE inhibitors with distinct mechanisms of action. Moreover, specific synergistic interactions, such as HT:COM, represent promising candidates for the development of safer and more effective dietary interventions in hypertension management. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:57:29Z","timestamp":1765270649000},"page":"2683-2695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Olive\u2010derived bioactive combinations: synergistic angiotensin\u2010I\u2010converting enzyme (\n                    <scp>ACE<\/scp>\n                    ) inhibition and distinct mechanisms of triterpenic acids and phenolics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Rubio\u2010Senent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Phytochemistry Instituto de la Grasa (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Berm\u00fadez\u2010Oria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Phytochemistry Instituto de la Grasa (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1frica","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Phytochemistry Instituto de la Grasa (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Lama\u2010Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Phytochemistry Instituto de la Grasa (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Phytochemistry Instituto de la Grasa (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Bola\u00f1os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Phytochemistry Instituto de la Grasa (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134745"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000160198.05416.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2023.1117502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2825-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Mayo Clinic Staff Angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors [Internet]. 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