{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:53:08Z","timestamp":1775814788975,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Astaxanthin is widely recognized as one of the most potent natural antioxidants. However, the large\u2010scale production of astaxanthin remains a significant challenge due to the limitations of current chemical and biosynthetic methods. To address these challenges, this study explores the use of nitrogen\u2010doped carbon dots (N\u2010CDs) to enhance the accumulation of astaxanthin precursors (such as \u03b2\u2010carotene and zeaxanthin) in\n                      <jats:italic>Limnospira platensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The N\u2010CDs exhibited excellent dispersibility, strong blue photoluminescence, and no detectable cytotoxicity. By optimizing cultivation parameters such as N\u2010CDs\u00a0concentration (10\u2009mg\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), temperature (26\u2009\u00b0C), light intensity (4500\u2009lx), and nitrogen\u2010limited medium (NaNO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      1.25\u2009g\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), effective improvements in biomass yield and bioactive compound accumulation were achieved. Under these optimized conditions, the biomass yield (1.48\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06\u2009g\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), \u03b2\u2010carotene accumulation (1.20\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01\u2009g\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and zeaxanthin accumulation (0.43\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009g\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) increased by 140.32%, 96.72%, and 95.45%, respectively, compared to the control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings demonstrate that N\u2010CDs can serve as a cost\u2010effective strategy for enhancing bioactive compound production in\n                      <jats:italic>Limnospira platensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , offering a novel and efficient approach for biotechnological applications related to natural antioxidant production. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T10:05:42Z","timestamp":1770890742000},"page":"4207-4217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Facilitating astaxanthin precursor accumulation in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Limnospira platensis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    through nitrogen\u2010doped carbon dots synthesized from bovine serum albumin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, 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